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Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, “the Crest of the Rainbow.”, sentence 9

Our Christchurch artists need not go further away than the inner dip of the range, the battered rim of the ancient fire cauldron, for impressions of bold rock faces straightly grand and honeycombed with curious caves, and witchy-looking weathered old trees; pictures that approach grandeur when the storm clouds swirl about the tussock-topped tors of Kahukura, the Rainbow God, giving the dark cores of the olden volcanoes an added height and mystery, or when they drift softly and mistily from the deep gullies between the ridges like steam masses from some hidden geyser.

Who acts: Christchurch artists, pictures, impressions, storm clouds, clouds · What happens: not need, go, batter, face, honeycomb, weather · To what, where: pictures, grand, old trees, grandeur, dark cores, deep gullies

This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, “the Crest of the Rainbow.”. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Christchurch artists, pictures, impressions, storm clouds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

nmod:posscompoundnsubjadvmodxcompadvmodadvmodcasedetamodoblcasedetnmodpunctdetamodconjcasedetamodcompoundnmodpunctcasensubjcaseamodnmodparataxisadvmodobjccconjcaseamodoblpunctcccompoundpunctaux:passadvclamodobjpunctoblnsubjacl:relclobjmarkdetcompoundnsubjadvclcasedetcompoundpunctamodoblcasenmodpunctdetcompoundappospunctadvcldetamodobjcasedetamodnmoddetamodapposccconjpunctccadvmodnsubjconjadvmodccconjcasedetamodoblcasedetnmodcasecompoundnmodcasedetamodnmodpunctrootOurPRONChristchurchPROPNartistsNOUNneedVERBnotPARTgoVERBfurtherADVawayADVthanADPtheDETinnerADJdipNOUNofADPtheDETrangeNOUN,PUNCTtheDETbatteredVERBrimNOUNofADPtheDETancientADJfireNOUNcauldronNOUN,PUNCTforADPimpressionsNOUNofADPboldADJrockNOUNfacesVERBstraightlyADVgrandADJandCCONJhoneycombedVERBwithADPcuriousADJcavesNOUN,PUNCTandCCONJwitchyADJ-PUNCTlookingVERBweatheredVERBoldADJtreesNOUN;PUNCTpicturesNOUNthatPRONapproachVERBgrandeurNOUNwhenSCONJtheDETstormNOUNcloudsNOUNswirlVERBaboutADPtheDETtussockNOUN-PUNCTtoppedVERBtorsNOUNofADPKahukuraPROPN,PUNCTtheDETRainbowPROPNGodPROPN,PUNCTgivingVERBtheDETdarkADJcoresNOUNofADPtheDEToldenADJvolcanoesNOUNanDETaddedVERBheightNOUNandCCONJmysteryNOUN,PUNCTorCCONJwhenADVtheyPRONdriftVERBsoftlyADVandCCONJmistilyADVfromADPtheDETdeepADJgulliesNOUNbetweenADPtheDETridgesNOUNlikeADPsteamNOUNmassesNOUNfromADPsomeDEThiddenADJgeyserNOUN.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1OurourPRONCase=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs3 artistsnmod:poss
2ChristchurchChristchurchPROPNNumber=Sing3 artistscompound
3artistsartistNOUNNumber=Plur4 neednsubj
4needneedVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Finrootroot
5notnotPARTPolarity=Neg4 needadvmod
6gogoVERBVerbForm=Inf4 needxcomp
7furtherfurtherADV_8 awayadvmod
8awayawayADV_6 goadvmod
9thanthanADP_12 dipcase
10thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art12 dipdet
11innerinnerADJDegree=Pos12 dipamod
12dipdipNOUNNumber=Sing8 awayobl
13ofofADP_15 rangecase
14thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art15 rangedet
15rangerangeNOUNNumber=Sing12 dipnmod
16,,PUNCT_19 rimpunct
17thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art19 rimdet
18batteredbatterVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass19 rimamod
19rimrimNOUNNumber=Sing15 rangeconj
20ofofADP_24 cauldroncase
21thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art24 cauldrondet
22ancientancientADJDegree=Pos24 cauldronamod
23firefireNOUNNumber=Sing24 cauldroncompound
24cauldroncauldronNOUNNumber=Sing19 rimnmod
25,,PUNCT_27 impressionspunct
26forforADP_27 impressionscase
27impressionsimpressionNOUNNumber=Plur31 facesnsubj
28ofofADP_30 rockcase
29boldboldADJDegree=Pos30 rockamod
30rockrockNOUNNumber=Sing27 impressionsnmod
31facesfaceVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin6 goparataxis
32straightlystraightlyADV_33 grandadvmod
33grandgrandADJDegree=Pos31 facesobj
34andandCCONJ_35 honeycombedcc
35honeycombedhoneycombVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass33 grandconj
36withwithADP_38 cavescase
37curiouscuriousADJDegree=Pos38 cavesamod
38cavescaveNOUNNumber=Plur35 honeycombedobl
39,,PUNCT_44 weatheredpunct
40andandCCONJ_44 weatheredcc
41witchywitchyADJDegree=Pos43 lookingcompound
42--PUNCT_41 witchypunct
43lookinglookVERBTense=Pres VerbForm=Part44 weatheredaux:pass
44weatheredweatherVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass6 goadvcl
45oldoldADJDegree=Pos46 treesamod
46treestreeNOUNNumber=Plur44 weatheredobj
47;;PUNCT_48 picturespunct
48picturespictureNOUNNumber=Plur4 needobl
49thatthatPRONPronType=Rel50 approachnsubj
50approachapproachVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin48 picturesacl:relcl
51grandeurgrandeurNOUNNumber=Sing50 approachobj
52whenwhenSCONJ_56 swirlmark
53thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art55 cloudsdet
54stormstormNOUNNumber=Sing55 cloudscompound
55cloudscloudNOUNNumber=Plur56 swirlnsubj
56swirlswirlVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin50 approachadvcl
57aboutaboutADP_62 torscase
58thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art62 torsdet
59tussocktussockNOUNNumber=Sing61 toppedcompound
60--PUNCT_59 tussockpunct
61toppedtopVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass62 torsamod
62torstorNOUNNumber=Plur56 swirlobl
63ofofADP_64 Kahukuracase
64KahukuraKahukuraPROPNNumber=Sing62 torsnmod
65,,PUNCT_68 Godpunct
66thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art68 Goddet
67RainbowRainbowPROPNNumber=Sing68 Godcompound
68GodGodPROPNNumber=Sing64 Kahukuraappos
69,,PUNCT_70 givingpunct
70givinggiveVERBTense=Pres VerbForm=Part56 swirladvcl
71thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art73 coresdet
72darkdarkADJDegree=Pos73 coresamod
73corescoreNOUNNumber=Plur70 givingobj
74ofofADP_77 volcanoescase
75thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art77 volcanoesdet
76oldenoldenADJDegree=Pos77 volcanoesamod
77volcanoesvolcanoNOUNNumber=Plur73 coresnmod
78anaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art80 heightdet
79addedaddVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass80 heightamod
80heightheightNOUNNumber=Sing77 volcanoesappos
81andandCCONJ_82 mysterycc
82mysterymysteryNOUNNumber=Sing80 heightconj
83,,PUNCT_87 driftpunct
84ororCCONJ_87 driftcc
85whenwhenADVPronType=Int87 driftadvmod
86theytheyPRONCase=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs87 driftnsubj
87driftdriftVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin80 heightconj
88softlysoftlyADV_87 driftadvmod
89andandCCONJ_90 mistilycc
90mistilymistilyADV_88 softlyconj
91fromfromADP_94 gulliescase
92thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art94 gulliesdet
93deepdeepADJDegree=Pos94 gulliesamod
94gulliesgullyNOUNNumber=Plur87 driftobl
95betweenbetweenADP_97 ridgescase
96thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art97 ridgesdet
97ridgesridgeNOUNNumber=Plur94 gulliesnmod
98likelikeADP_100 massescase
99steamsteamNOUNNumber=Sing100 massescompound
100massesmassNOUNNumber=Plur97 ridgesnmod
101fromfromADP_104 geysercase
102somesomeDETPronType=Ind104 geyserdet
103hiddenhiddenADJDegree=Pos104 geyseramod
104geysergeyserNOUNNumber=Sing100 massesnmod
105..PUNCT_4 needpunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1not needpresentOur Christchurch artistspicturesvn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
2go not said to happeninfinitivepictures not said hereaway propertyvn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3batterparticiplevn hit-18.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent
4facepresentimpressions of bold rockgrandvn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme grand=Destination
5honeycombparticipleimpressions of bold rock not said herewith curious cavesvn fill-9.8 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with cave=Theme
6weathergerund · passivepictures not said hereold treestree rules
7approachpresentpicturesgrandeurvn confront-98 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grandeur=Theme
8swirlpresentthe storm cloudsabout the topped tors of Kahukuravn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme about tor=Location
9topparticipletussock compoundvn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme
10givegerundthe storm clouds not said herethe dark cores of the olden volcanoesvn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent core=Theme
11add speech: assertparticiplevn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient
12driftpresentclouds = cloudthe deep gullies between the ridges like steam masses from some hidden geysersoftly propertyvn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from gully=Trajectory
13impressbold rocknom impression «cognition transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/11/9/