Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, “the Crest of the Rainbow.”, sentence 9
Our Christchurch artists need not go further away than the inner dip of the range, the battered rim of the ancient fire cauldron, for impressions of bold rock faces straightly grand and honeycombed with curious caves, and witchy-looking weathered old trees; pictures that approach grandeur when the storm clouds swirl about the tussock-topped tors of Kahukura, the Rainbow God, giving the dark cores of the olden volcanoes an added height and mystery, or when they drift softly and mistily from the deep gullies between the ridges like steam masses from some hidden geyser.
Who acts: Christchurch artists, pictures, impressions, storm clouds, clouds · What happens: not need, go, batter, face, honeycomb, weather · To what, where: pictures, grand, old trees, grandeur, dark cores, deep gullies
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, “the Crest of the Rainbow.”. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Christchurch artists, pictures, impressions, storm clouds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 artists | nmod:poss |
| 2 | Christchurch | Christchurch | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 artists | compound |
| 3 | artists | artist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 need | nsubj |
| 4 | need | need | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 4 need | advmod |
| 6 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 need | xcomp |
| 7 | further | further | ADV | _ | 8 away | advmod |
| 8 | away | away | ADV | _ | 6 go | advmod |
| 9 | than | than | ADP | _ | 12 dip | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 dip | det |
| 11 | inner | inner | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 dip | amod |
| 12 | dip | dip | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 away | obl |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 range | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 range | det |
| 15 | range | range | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 dip | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 rim | punct |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 rim | det |
| 18 | battered | batter | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 rim | amod |
| 19 | rim | rim | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 range | conj |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 cauldron | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 cauldron | det |
| 22 | ancient | ancient | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 cauldron | amod |
| 23 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 cauldron | compound |
| 24 | cauldron | cauldron | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 rim | nmod |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 impressions | punct |
| 26 | for | for | ADP | _ | 27 impressions | case |
| 27 | impressions | impression | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 faces | nsubj |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 rock | case |
| 29 | bold | bold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 rock | amod |
| 30 | rock | rock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 impressions | nmod |
| 31 | faces | face | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 go | parataxis |
| 32 | straightly | straightly | ADV | _ | 33 grand | advmod |
| 33 | grand | grand | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 faces | obj |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 honeycombed | cc |
| 35 | honeycombed | honeycomb | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 33 grand | conj |
| 36 | with | with | ADP | _ | 38 caves | case |
| 37 | curious | curious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 caves | amod |
| 38 | caves | cave | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 honeycombed | obl |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 weathered | punct |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 weathered | cc |
| 41 | witchy | witchy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 looking | compound |
| 42 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 41 witchy | punct |
| 43 | looking | look | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 44 weathered | aux:pass |
| 44 | weathered | weather | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 go | advcl |
| 45 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 trees | amod |
| 46 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 44 weathered | obj |
| 47 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 48 pictures | punct |
| 48 | pictures | picture | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 need | obl |
| 49 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 50 approach | nsubj |
| 50 | approach | approach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 48 pictures | acl:relcl |
| 51 | grandeur | grandeur | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 approach | obj |
| 52 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 56 swirl | mark |
| 53 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 55 clouds | det |
| 54 | storm | storm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 55 clouds | compound |
| 55 | clouds | cloud | NOUN | Number=Plur | 56 swirl | nsubj |
| 56 | swirl | swirl | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 50 approach | advcl |
| 57 | about | about | ADP | _ | 62 tors | case |
| 58 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 62 tors | det |
| 59 | tussock | tussock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 61 topped | compound |
| 60 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 59 tussock | punct |
| 61 | topped | top | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 62 tors | amod |
| 62 | tors | tor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 56 swirl | obl |
| 63 | of | of | ADP | _ | 64 Kahukura | case |
| 64 | Kahukura | Kahukura | PROPN | Number=Sing | 62 tors | nmod |
| 65 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 68 God | punct |
| 66 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 68 God | det |
| 67 | Rainbow | Rainbow | PROPN | Number=Sing | 68 God | compound |
| 68 | God | God | PROPN | Number=Sing | 64 Kahukura | appos |
| 69 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 70 giving | punct |
| 70 | giving | give | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 56 swirl | advcl |
| 71 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 73 cores | det |
| 72 | dark | dark | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 73 cores | amod |
| 73 | cores | core | NOUN | Number=Plur | 70 giving | obj |
| 74 | of | of | ADP | _ | 77 volcanoes | case |
| 75 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 77 volcanoes | det |
| 76 | olden | olden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 77 volcanoes | amod |
| 77 | volcanoes | volcano | NOUN | Number=Plur | 73 cores | nmod |
| 78 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 80 height | det |
| 79 | added | add | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 80 height | amod |
| 80 | height | height | NOUN | Number=Sing | 77 volcanoes | appos |
| 81 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 82 mystery | cc |
| 82 | mystery | mystery | NOUN | Number=Sing | 80 height | conj |
| 83 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 87 drift | punct |
| 84 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 87 drift | cc |
| 85 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 87 drift | advmod |
| 86 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 87 drift | nsubj |
| 87 | drift | drift | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 80 height | conj |
| 88 | softly | softly | ADV | _ | 87 drift | advmod |
| 89 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 90 mistily | cc |
| 90 | mistily | mistily | ADV | _ | 88 softly | conj |
| 91 | from | from | ADP | _ | 94 gullies | case |
| 92 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 94 gullies | det |
| 93 | deep | deep | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 94 gullies | amod |
| 94 | gullies | gully | NOUN | Number=Plur | 87 drift | obl |
| 95 | between | between | ADP | _ | 97 ridges | case |
| 96 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 97 ridges | det |
| 97 | ridges | ridge | NOUN | Number=Plur | 94 gullies | nmod |
| 98 | like | like | ADP | _ | 100 masses | case |
| 99 | steam | steam | NOUN | Number=Sing | 100 masses | compound |
| 100 | masses | mass | NOUN | Number=Plur | 97 ridges | nmod |
| 101 | from | from | ADP | _ | 104 geyser | case |
| 102 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 104 geyser | det |
| 103 | hidden | hidden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 104 geyser | amod |
| 104 | geyser | geyser | NOUN | Number=Sing | 100 masses | nmod |
| 105 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 need | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not need | present | Our Christchurch artists | pictures | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | ||||
| 2 | go not said to happen | infinitive | pictures not said here | away property | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | batter | participle | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 4 | face | present | impressions of bold rock | grand | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme grand=Destination | ||||
| 5 | honeycomb | participle | impressions of bold rock not said here | with curious caves | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with cave=Theme | ||||
| 6 | weather | gerund · passive | pictures not said here | old trees | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | approach | present | pictures | grandeur | vn confront-98 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grandeur=Theme | ||||
| 8 | swirl | present | the storm clouds | about the topped tors of Kahukura | vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme about tor=Location | ||||
| 9 | top | participle | tussock compound | vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 10 | give | gerund | the storm clouds not said here | the dark cores of the olden volcanoes | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent core=Theme | ||||
| 11 | add speech: assert | participle | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 12 | drift | present | clouds = cloud | the deep gullies between the ridges like steam masses from some hidden geyser | softly property | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from gully=Trajectory | |||
| 13 | impress | bold rock | nom impression «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/11/9/