Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea., sentence 105
In the deep gullies between the spear-head and the ridge of the Sacred Fire the smoky-blue mists are already forming, and wreathing and creeping around the tangled shrubberies of bush that have escaped the general massacre.
Who acts: blue mists · What happens: form, wreath, creep, escape · To what, where: ridge, tangled shrubberies, bush, deep gullies
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (blue mists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 4 gullies | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 gullies | det |
| 3 | deep | deep | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 gullies | amod |
| 4 | gullies | gully | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 5 | between | between | ADP | _ | 9 head | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 head | det |
| 7 | spear | spear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 head | compound |
| 8 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 7 spear | punct |
| 9 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 gullies | nmod |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 ridge | cc |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 ridge | det |
| 12 | ridge | ridge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 head | conj |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 Fire | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 Fire | det |
| 15 | Sacred | Sacred | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 Fire | compound |
| 16 | Fire | Fire | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 forming | obl |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 mists | det |
| 18 | smoky | smoky | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 blue | amod |
| 19 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 18 smoky | punct |
| 20 | blue | blue | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 mists | amod |
| 21 | mists | mist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 forming | nsubj |
| 22 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 forming | aux |
| 23 | already | already | ADV | _ | 24 forming | advmod |
| 24 | forming | form | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 12 ridge | acl:relcl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 wreathing | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 wreathing | cc |
| 27 | wreathing | wreath | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 24 forming | conj |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 creeping | cc |
| 29 | creeping | creep | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 24 forming | conj |
| 30 | around | around | ADP | _ | 33 shrubberies | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 shrubberies | det |
| 32 | tangled | tangled | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 shrubberies | amod |
| 33 | shrubberies | shrubbery | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 creeping | obl |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 bush | case |
| 35 | bush | bush | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 shrubberies | nmod |
| 36 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 38 escaped | nsubj:pass |
| 37 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 38 escaped | aux |
| 38 | escaped | escape | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 35 bush | acl:relcl |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 massacre | det |
| 40 | general | general | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 massacre | amod |
| 41 | massacre | massacre | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 escaped | obj |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 gullies | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | form | present · progressive | the blue mists | the ridge not said here | of the Sacred Fire | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location ridge=Theme | |||
| 2 | wreath | gerund | the blue mists not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | creep | gerund | the blue mists not said here | the tangled shrubberies of bush | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme around shrubbery=Trajectory | ||||
| 4 | escape | present · perfect · passive | bush | the general massacre obj | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/12/105/