Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea., sentence 11
The young people are so Anglicised that they use the _pakeha_ tongue chiefly; the older ones only cling to Maori among themselves.
Who acts: people, older ones · What happens: anglicise, use, cling · To what, where: young people, _ pakeha, Maori
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, older ones), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 people | det |
| 2 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 people | amod |
| 3 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 Anglicised | nsubj |
| 4 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 Anglicised | aux:pass |
| 5 | so | so | ADV | _ | 6 Anglicised | advmod |
| 6 | Anglicised | anglicise | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 7 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 9 use | mark |
| 8 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 use | nsubj |
| 9 | use | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 Anglicised | advcl |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 pakeha | det |
| 11 | _ | _ | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 pakeha | amod |
| 12 | pakeha | pakeha | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 use | obj |
| 13 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 14 tongue | punct |
| 14 | tongue | tongue | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 use | obl |
| 15 | chiefly | chiefly | ADV | _ | 9 use | advmod |
| 16 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 21 cling | punct |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 ones | det |
| 18 | older | old | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 19 ones | amod |
| 19 | ones | one | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 cling | nsubj |
| 20 | only | only | ADV | _ | 21 cling | advmod |
| 21 | cling | cling | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 Anglicised | conj |
| 22 | to | to | ADP | _ | 23 Maori | case |
| 23 | Maori | Maori | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 cling | obl |
| 24 | among | among | ADP | _ | 25 themselves | case |
| 25 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 21 cling | obl |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 Anglicised | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | anglicise | present · passive | the young people | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | use | present | people | the _ pakeha | tongue obl; chiefly property | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pakeha=Patient | |||
| 3 | cling | present | the older ones | Maori | among people | vn cling-22.5 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to maori=Co-Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/12/11/