Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea., sentence 112
It is the song crooned by the women and the children in every _kainga_ that, like slumbrous little Rapaki down yonder, sent its young men to use rifle and bayonet beside their _pakeha_ brothers-in-arms on the thundering battlefields half a world away.
Who acts: spirit, slumbrous little Rapaki · What happens: be, croon, send, use · To what, where: song, kainga, young men, rifle, _ pakeha
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (spirit, slumbrous little Rapaki), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 song | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 song | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 song | det |
| 4 | song | song | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | crooned | croon | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 song | acl |
| 6 | by | by | ADP | _ | 8 women | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 women | det |
| 8 | women | woman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 crooned | obl |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 children | cc |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 children | det |
| 11 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 women | conj |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 kainga | case |
| 13 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 15 kainga | det |
| 14 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 15 kainga | punct |
| 15 | kainga | kainga | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 crooned | obl |
| 16 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 17 that | punct |
| 17 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 4 song | nmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 Rapaki | punct |
| 19 | like | like | ADP | _ | 22 Rapaki | case |
| 20 | slumbrous | slumbrous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 Rapaki | amod |
| 21 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 Rapaki | amod |
| 22 | Rapaki | Rapaki | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 sent | nsubj |
| 23 | down | down | ADV | _ | 24 yonder | advmod |
| 24 | yonder | yonder | ADV | _ | 26 sent | advmod |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 yonder | punct |
| 26 | sent | send | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 song | acl:relcl |
| 27 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 men | nmod:poss |
| 28 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 men | amod |
| 29 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 sent | obj |
| 30 | to | to | PART | _ | 31 use | mark |
| 31 | use | use | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 26 sent | advcl |
| 32 | rifle | rifle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 use | obj |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 bayonet | cc |
| 34 | bayonet | bayonet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 rifle | conj |
| 35 | beside | beside | ADP | _ | 38 pakeha | case |
| 36 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 38 pakeha | nmod:poss |
| 37 | _ | _ | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 pakeha | amod |
| 38 | pakeha | pakeha | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 use | obl |
| 39 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 40 brothers | punct |
| 40 | brothers | brother | NOUN | Number=Plur | 52 away | obl:unmarked |
| 41 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 44 arms | punct |
| 42 | in | in | ADP | _ | 44 arms | case |
| 43 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 42 in | punct |
| 44 | arms | arm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 brothers | nmod |
| 45 | on | on | ADP | _ | 48 battlefields | case |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 battlefields | det |
| 47 | thundering | thundering | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 battlefields | compound |
| 48 | battlefields | battlefield | NOUN | Number=Plur | 44 arms | nmod |
| 49 | half | half | DET | NumForm=Word NumType=Frac PronType=Ind | 51 world | det:predet |
| 50 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 51 world | det |
| 51 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 battlefields | nmod |
| 52 | away | away | ADV | _ | 31 use | advmod |
| 53 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 song | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | spirit | the song | that nmod | tree rules | |||
| 2 | croon speech: other | participle | the song not said here | every kainga | by the women and the children | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||
| 3 | send | past | slumbrous little Rapaki | spirit's young men | yonder property | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Theme | |||
| 4 | use | to-infinitive | slumbrous little Rapaki not said here | rifle and bayonet | rifle's _ pakeha | away property | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rifle=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/12/112/