Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, How the Sacred Fire Came to Witch Hill., sentence 1

As we travel northward along the Summit Track from the Poho-o-Tamatea, observing from this commanding height--a thousand feet above little Rapaki village, lying in its grassy nest below--how that great spearhead of rock has in reality an almost level top, we come to a remarkable broken wall of grey lava moss-crusted and shrub-tufted, protruding from the grassy flanks of the craggy knoll called Witch Hill.

Who acts: we, great spearhead · What happens: travel, observe, command, lie, have, come · To what, where: Poho Tamatea, commanding height, grassy nest, reality, remarkable, grey lava · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, How the Sacred Fire Came to Witch Hill.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we, great spearhead), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	As	as	SCONJ	_	3 travel	mark
2	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	3 travel	nsubj
3	travel	travel	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	53 come	advcl
4	northward	northward	ADV	_	3 travel	advmod
5	along	along	ADP	_	8 Track	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 Track	det
7	Summit	summit	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 Track	compound
8	Track	track	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 travel	obl
9	from	from	ADP	_	15 Tamatea	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 Tamatea	det
11	Poho	Poho	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 Tamatea	compound
12	-	-	PUNCT	_	15 Tamatea	punct
13	o	of	ADP	Abbr=Yes	15 Tamatea	case
14	-	-	PUNCT	_	13 o	punct
15	Tamatea	Tamatea	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 travel	obl
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 observing	punct
17	observing	observe	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 travel	advcl
18	from	from	ADP	_	21 height	case
19	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	21 height	det
20	commanding	command	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	21 height	amod
21	height	height	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 observing	obl
22	--	--	PUNCT	_	25 feet	punct
23	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	24 thousand	det
24	thousand	thousand	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	25 feet	nummod
25	feet	foot	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 height	conj
26	above	above	ADP	_	29 village	case
27	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	29 village	amod
28	Rapaki	Rapaki	PROPN	Number=Sing	29 village	compound
29	village	village	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 feet	nmod
30	,	,	PUNCT	_	31 lying	punct
31	lying	lie	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	17 observing	conj
32	in	in	ADP	_	35 nest	case
33	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	35 nest	nmod:poss
34	grassy	grassy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	35 nest	amod
35	nest	nest	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 lying	obl
36	below	below	ADV	_	35 nest	advmod
37	--	--	PUNCT	_	44 has	punct
38	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	44 has	advmod
39	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	41 spearhead	det
40	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	41 spearhead	amod
41	spearhead	spearhead	NOUN	Number=Sing	44 has	nsubj
42	of	of	ADP	_	43 rock	case
43	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	41 spearhead	nmod
44	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 travel	parataxis
45	in	in	ADP	_	46 reality	case
46	reality	reality	NOUN	Number=Sing	44 has	obl
47	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	50 top	det
48	almost	almost	ADV	_	49 level	advmod
49	level	level	ADJ	Degree=Pos	50 top	amod
50	top	top	NOUN	Number=Sing	46 reality	nmod
51	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 travel	punct
52	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	53 come	nsubj
53	come	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
54	to	to	ADP	_	56 remarkable	case
55	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	56 remarkable	det
56	remarkable	remarkable	NOUN	Number=Sing	53 come	obl
57	broken	break	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	58 wall	amod
58	wall	wall	NOUN	Number=Sing	56 remarkable	nmod
59	of	of	ADP	_	61 lava	case
60	grey	grey	ADJ	Degree=Pos	61 lava	amod
61	lava	lava	NOUN	Number=Sing	58 wall	nmod
62	moss	moss	NOUN	Number=Sing	64 crusted	compound
63	-	-	PUNCT	_	62 moss	punct
64	crusted	crust	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	61 lava	acl:relcl
65	and	and	CCONJ	_	68 tufted	cc
66	shrub	shrub	NOUN	Number=Sing	68 tufted	compound
67	-	-	PUNCT	_	66 shrub	punct
68	tufted	tuft	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	64 crusted	conj
69	,	,	PUNCT	_	70 protruding	punct
70	protruding	protrude	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	68 tufted	advcl
71	from	from	ADP	_	74 flanks	case
72	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	74 flanks	det
73	grassy	grassy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	74 flanks	amod
74	flanks	flank	NOUN	Number=Plur	70 protruding	obl
75	of	of	ADP	_	78 knoll	case
76	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	78 knoll	det
77	craggy	craggy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	78 knoll	amod
78	knoll	knoll	NOUN	Number=Sing	74 flanks	nmod
79	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	78 knoll	acl
80	Witch	Witch	PROPN	Number=Sing	81 Hill	compound
81	Hill	Hill	PROPN	Number=Sing	79 called	xcomp
82	.	.	PUNCT	_	53 come	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	travel	present	we		the Poho Tamatea	along the Summit Track; northward property	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along track=Trajectory
2	observe	gerund	we not said here		this commanding height and thousand feet above little Rapaki village		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
3	command	gerund					vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.predicate»: agent=Agent
4	lie	gerund	we not said here		village's grassy nest		vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in nest=Location
5	have	present	that great spearhead of rock		reality a level top		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
6	come	present	we		a remarkable broken wall of grey lava		vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to remarkable=Initial_Location
7	break	participle					vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
8	crust	participle		grey lava not said here		moss compound	vn entity_specific_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
9	tuft	participle				shrub compound	tree rules
10	protrude	gerund			the grassy flanks of the craggy knoll		vn spatial_configuration-47.6 «NP V»: agent=Theme
11	call	participle		the craggy knoll not said here		Witch Hill xcomp	vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/13/1/

🌲 Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, How the Sacred Fire Came to Witch Hill., sentence 1

The tree

Pragmatics

Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, How the Sacred Fire Came to Witch Hill., sentence 1