Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, How the Sacred Fire Came to Witch Hill., sentence 2
It is in fact a huge dyke of once-molten lava, cutting wall-like through the old lava flows and trending southward across the shoulder of its parent hill.
Who acts: spearhead, fact, wall, old lava · What happens: be, cut, like, flow, trend · To what, where: fact, wall, shoulder
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, How the Sacred Fire Came to Witch Hill.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (spearhead, fact, wall, old lava), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 fact | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 fact | cop |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 4 fact | case |
| 4 | fact | fact | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 dyke | det |
| 6 | huge | huge | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 dyke | amod |
| 7 | dyke | dyke | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 fact | appos |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 lava | case |
| 9 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 11 molten | advmod |
| 10 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 9 once | punct |
| 11 | molten | molten | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 lava | amod |
| 12 | lava | lava | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 dyke | nmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 cutting | punct |
| 14 | cutting | cut | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 4 fact | acl |
| 15 | wall | wall | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 cutting | obj |
| 16 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 17 like | punct |
| 17 | like | like | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 wall | acl:relcl |
| 18 | through | through | ADP | _ | 22 flows | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 lava | det |
| 20 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 lava | amod |
| 21 | lava | lava | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 flows | nsubj |
| 22 | flows | flow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 like | conj |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 trending | cc |
| 24 | trending | trend | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 22 flows | conj |
| 25 | southward | southward | ADV | _ | 24 trending | advmod |
| 26 | across | across | ADP | _ | 28 shoulder | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 shoulder | det |
| 28 | shoulder | shoulder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 trending | obl |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 hill | case |
| 30 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 hill | nmod:poss |
| 31 | parent | parent | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 hill | compound |
| 32 | hill | hill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 shoulder | nmod |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 fact | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | spearhead | fact | a huge dyke of molten lava appos | tree rules | |||
| 2 | cut | gerund | fact not said here | wall | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset wall=Product | ||||
| 3 | like | present | wall not said here | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot | |||||
| 4 | flow | present | the old lava | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | trend | gerund | the old lava not said here | the shoulder of spearhead's parent hill | southward property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/13/2/