Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea., sentence 18
He is of the Ngati-Irakehu _hapu_ of the Ngai-Tahu tribe, and he is descended by several lines from Te Rangiwhakaputa and other of the warrior chiefs who wrested the Whanga-raupo and the Whanga-roa--Aka-roa is the modernised contraction--from the dusky men of Ngati-Mamoe.
Who acts: Tikao, several lines, warrior chiefs, Aka roa · What happens: be, descend, wrest, modernis · To what, where: Tikao, Whanga raupo, modernised contraction
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tikao, several lines, warrior chiefs, Aka roa), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 Irakehu | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 Irakehu | cop |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 Irakehu | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 Irakehu | det |
| 5 | Ngati | Ngati | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 Irakehu | compound |
| 6 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 5 Ngati | punct |
| 7 | Irakehu | Irakehu | PROPN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 8 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 9 hapu | punct |
| 9 | hapu | hapu | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 Irakehu | conj |
| 10 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 7 Irakehu | punct |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 tribe | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 tribe | det |
| 13 | Ngai | Ngai | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 Tahu | compound |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 13 Ngai | punct |
| 15 | Tahu | Tahu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 tribe | compound |
| 16 | tribe | tribe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 _ | nmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 descended | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 descended | cc |
| 19 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 descended | nsubj |
| 20 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 descended | aux:pass |
| 21 | descended | descend | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 Irakehu | acl |
| 22 | by | by | ADP | _ | 24 lines | case |
| 23 | several | several | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 lines | amod |
| 24 | lines | line | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 descended | obl |
| 25 | from | from | ADP | _ | 26 Te | case |
| 26 | Te | Te | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 lines | nmod |
| 27 | Rangiwhakaputa | Rangiwhakaputa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 Te | flat |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 other | cc |
| 29 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 Te | conj |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 chiefs | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 chiefs | det |
| 32 | warrior | warrior | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 chiefs | amod |
| 33 | chiefs | chief | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 other | obl |
| 34 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 35 wrested | nsubj |
| 35 | wrested | wrest | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 chiefs | acl:relcl |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 raupo | det |
| 37 | Whanga | Whanga | PROPN | Number=Sing | 39 raupo | compound |
| 38 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 37 Whanga | punct |
| 39 | raupo | raupo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 wrested | obj |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 roa | cc |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 roa | det |
| 42 | Whanga | Whanga | PROPN | Number=Sing | 44 roa | compound |
| 43 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 42 Whanga | punct |
| 44 | roa | roa | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 raupo | conj |
| 45 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 52 contraction | punct |
| 46 | Aka | Aka | PROPN | Number=Sing | 48 roa | compound |
| 47 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 46 Aka | punct |
| 48 | roa | roa | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 contraction | nsubj |
| 49 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 52 contraction | cop |
| 50 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 52 contraction | det |
| 51 | modernised | modernis | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 52 contraction | amod |
| 52 | contraction | contraction | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 raupo | conj |
| 53 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 57 men | punct |
| 54 | from | from | ADP | _ | 57 men | case |
| 55 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 57 men | det |
| 56 | dusky | dusky | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 57 men | amod |
| 57 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 descended | obl |
| 58 | of | of | ADP | _ | 59 Ngati | case |
| 59 | Ngati | Ngati | PROPN | Number=Sing | 57 men | nmod |
| 60 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 61 Mamoe | punct |
| 61 | Mamoe | Mamoe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 59 Ngati | conj |
| 62 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 Irakehu | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | Tikao | of the Ngati Irakehu and hapu; hapu conj; the Tahu tribe nmod | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | descend | present · passive | several lines from Te | Tikao | from the dusky men of Ngati and Mamoe | vn meander-47.7-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location subject=Theme | |||
| 3 | wrest | past | the warrior chiefs | the Whanga raupo and the Whanga roa and the modernised contraction | vn steal-10.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent raupo=Theme | ||||
| 4 | modernis | participle | tree rules | ||||||
| 5 | is a | present | Aka roa | the modernised contraction | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/12/18/