Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea., sentence 19
From his parents and from Paora Taki, a picturesque old _rangatira_ who once was Native assessor at Rapaki, and kindred people of the generation that has gone, he learned the history and legends of these parts.
Who acts: picturesque old rangatira, generation, Tikao · What happens: be, assessor, go, learn · To what, where: Rapaki, history
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (picturesque old rangatira, generation, Tikao), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | From | from | ADP | _ | 3 parents | case |
| 2 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 parents | nmod:poss |
| 3 | parents | parent | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 learned | obl |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 Paora | cc |
| 5 | from | from | ADP | _ | 6 Paora | case |
| 6 | Paora | Paora | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 parents | nmod |
| 7 | Taki | Taki | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 Paora | flat |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 rangatira | punct |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 rangatira | det |
| 10 | picturesque | picturesque | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 rangatira | amod |
| 11 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 rangatira | amod |
| 12 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 11 old | punct |
| 13 | rangatira | rangatira | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 Paora | appos |
| 14 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 13 rangatira | punct |
| 15 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 19 assessor | nsubj |
| 16 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 18 Native | advmod |
| 17 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 Native | cop |
| 18 | Native | native | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 assessor | amod |
| 19 | assessor | assessor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 rangatira | conj |
| 20 | at | at | ADP | _ | 21 Rapaki | case |
| 21 | Rapaki | Rapaki | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 assessor | nmod |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 people | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 people | cc |
| 24 | kindred | kindred | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 people | amod |
| 25 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 Paora | appos |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 generation | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 generation | det |
| 28 | generation | generation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 people | nmod |
| 29 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 31 gone | nsubj |
| 30 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 gone | aux |
| 31 | gone | go | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 28 generation | acl:relcl |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 parents | punct |
| 33 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 learned | nsubj |
| 34 | learned | learn | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 history | det |
| 36 | history | history | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 learned | obj |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 legends | cc |
| 38 | legends | legend | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 history | conj |
| 39 | of | of | ADP | _ | 41 parts | case |
| 40 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 41 parts | det |
| 41 | parts | part | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 legends | nmod |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 34 learned | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | native, once property | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | assessor | a picturesque old rangatira and Native assessor | Rapaki | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | go | present · perfect | the generation | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | learn | past | Tikao | the history and legends of this parts | from Tikao's parents from Paora | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent history=Topic from parent=Source |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/12/19/