Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea., sentence 58
Loftiest of all and nearest is that towering spear-head Te Poho-o-Tamatea, a dark grey triangle of rhyolite, thrusting its naked apex into the warm sky a thousand feet and more above the groves and dwellings of Tikao’s people.
What happens: tower, thrust · To what, where: spear head, naked apex, warm sky
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Loftiest | lofty | ADJ | Degree=Sup | root | root |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 3 all | case |
| 3 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 1 Loftiest | nmod |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 nearest | cc |
| 5 | nearest | near | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 1 Loftiest | conj |
| 6 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 towering | aux |
| 7 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 8 towering | mark |
| 8 | towering | tower | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 1 Loftiest | advcl |
| 9 | spear | spear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 head | compound |
| 10 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 9 spear | punct |
| 11 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 towering | obj |
| 12 | Te | Te | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 towering | obj |
| 13 | Poho | Poho | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 Te | flat |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 17 Tamatea | punct |
| 15 | o | of | ADP | Abbr=Yes | 17 Tamatea | case |
| 16 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 15 o | punct |
| 17 | Tamatea | Tamatea | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 Te | conj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 triangle | punct |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 triangle | det |
| 20 | dark | dark | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 triangle | amod |
| 21 | grey | grey | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 triangle | amod |
| 22 | triangle | triangle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 Te | appos |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 rhyolite | case |
| 24 | rhyolite | rhyolite | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 triangle | nmod |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 thrusting | punct |
| 26 | thrusting | thrust | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 towering | conj |
| 27 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 apex | nmod:poss |
| 28 | naked | naked | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 apex | amod |
| 29 | apex | apex | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 thrusting | obj |
| 30 | into | into | ADP | _ | 33 sky | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 sky | det |
| 32 | warm | warm | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 sky | amod |
| 33 | sky | sky | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 thrusting | obl |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 thousand | det |
| 35 | thousand | thousand | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 36 feet | nummod |
| 36 | feet | foot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 thrusting | obl |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 more | cc |
| 38 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 36 feet | conj |
| 39 | above | above | ADP | _ | 41 groves | case |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 groves | det |
| 41 | groves | grove | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 more | obl |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 dwellings | cc |
| 43 | dwellings | dwelling | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 groves | conj |
| 44 | of | of | ADP | _ | 47 people | case |
| 45 | Tikao | Tikao | PROPN | Number=Sing | 47 people | nmod:poss |
| 46 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 45 Tikao | case |
| 47 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 dwellings | nmod |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Loftiest | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tower | present · progressive | spear head | Te and Tamatea obj | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | thrust | gerund | rhyolite's naked apex | the warm sky | thousand feet obl | vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent apex=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/12/58/