Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea., sentence 63
Once upon a time the indigenous timbers thickly covered all these now-grassy slopes slanting quickly from the rhyolite hilltop crags to the quiet waters of the Whaka-Raupo.
Who acts: indigenous timbers, grassy slopes · What happens: cover, slant · To what, where: grassy slopes, hilltop crags
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (indigenous timbers, grassy slopes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 9 covered | advmod |
| 2 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 4 time | case |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 time | det |
| 4 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Once | obl |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 timbers | det |
| 6 | indigenous | indigenous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 timbers | amod |
| 7 | timbers | timber | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 covered | nsubj |
| 8 | thickly | thickly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 timbers | amod |
| 9 | covered | cover | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 15 slopes | det:predet |
| 11 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 15 slopes | det |
| 12 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 14 grassy | advmod |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 12 now | punct |
| 14 | grassy | grassy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 slopes | amod |
| 15 | slopes | slope | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 covered | obj |
| 16 | slanting | slant | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 15 slopes | acl |
| 17 | quickly | quickly | ADV | _ | 16 slanting | advmod |
| 18 | from | from | ADP | _ | 22 crags | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 crags | det |
| 20 | rhyolite | rhyolite | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 hilltop | compound |
| 21 | hilltop | hilltop | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 crags | compound |
| 22 | crags | crag | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 slanting | obl |
| 23 | to | to | ADP | _ | 26 waters | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 waters | det |
| 25 | quiet | quiet | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 waters | amod |
| 26 | waters | water | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 crags | nmod |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 Raupo | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 Raupo | det |
| 29 | Whaka | Whaka | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 Raupo | compound |
| 30 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 29 Whaka | punct |
| 31 | Raupo | Raupo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 waters | nmod |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 covered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cover | past | the indigenous timbers | all grassy slopes | once property | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme slope=Destination | |||
| 2 | slant | gerund | all grassy slopes not said here | the hilltop crags to the quiet waters of the Whaka Raupo | quickly property | vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from crag=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/12/63/