Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea., sentence 64
There were big trees--_totara_, _rimu_, _kahikatea_ and _mataii_--but all have gone long ago.
Who acts: big trees, all · What happens: be, go
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (big trees, all), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | There | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 2 were | expl |
| 2 | were | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 trees | amod |
| 4 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 were | nsubj |
| 5 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 7 totara | punct |
| 6 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 7 totara | punct |
| 7 | totara | totara | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 trees | appos |
| 8 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 7 totara | punct |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 rimu | punct |
| 10 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 11 rimu | punct |
| 11 | rimu | rimu | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 trees | conj |
| 12 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 2 were | punct |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 kahikatea | punct |
| 14 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 15 kahikatea | punct |
| 15 | kahikatea | kahikatea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 were | parataxis |
| 16 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 15 kahikatea | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 mataii | cc |
| 18 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 19 mataii | punct |
| 19 | mataii | mataii | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 kahikatea | conj |
| 20 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 19 mataii | punct |
| 21 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 25 gone | punct |
| 22 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 25 gone | cc |
| 23 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 25 gone | nsubj |
| 24 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 gone | aux |
| 25 | gone | go | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 2 were | conj |
| 26 | long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 27 ago | advmod |
| 27 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 25 gone | advmod |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 were | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | be | past | big trees and rimu | there | kahikatea and mataii parataxis | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 2 | go | present · perfect | all | ago property | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/12/64/