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Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea., sentence 65

Remains there but a remnant from the general slaughter with fire and axe and crosscut saw--a copse on yonder rocky point on the Lyttelton side of the hamlet, where the poetically named _ake-rautangi_, the _ake_ of the “crying leaves” and a few other shrubs hold their little stony fort; and in Taare Tikao’s garden the _kaumatua_ has some treasured plants, such as the handsome _rau-tawhiri_ shrub, and the flowering _hakeke_, a variety of _ake_, the leaves of which when crushed in the hand have a lemon-like perfume; the Natives used to boil them for the _hinu kakara_, the fragrant oil expressed.

Who acts: Remains, _, kaumatua, flowering, leaves, Natives · What happens: see, name, ake, cry, hold, have · To what, where: copse, rocky point, rautangi, little stony fort, treasured plants, garden · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Remains, _, kaumatua, flowering), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

nsubjadvmodccdetconjcasedetamodnmodcasenmodccconjccconjpunctdetobjcaseadvmodamodnmodcasedetcompoundnmodcasedetnmodpunctadvmoddetadvmodacl:relclpunctccomppunctobjpunctpunctdetnsubjparataxisnsubjcasedetpunctamodnmodpunctccdetamodamodconjconjnmod:possamodamodobjpunctcccasenmod:possflatcaseobldetpunctnsubjpunctparataxisdetamodobjpunctcasefixeddetamodpunctcompoundpunctconjpunctconjpunctccdetnsubjpunctappospunctpunctdetapposcasenmodparataxispunctpunctdetnsubjcasensubj:passadvmodacl:relclcasedetoblparataxisdetcompoundpunctamodobjpunctdetnsubjconjmarkxcompobjcasedetpunctobjflat:foreignpunctpunctdetamodoblaclpunctrootRemainsNOUNthereADVbutCCONJaDETremnantNOUNfromADPtheDETgeneralADJslaughterNOUNwithADPfireNOUNandCCONJaxeNOUNandCCONJcrosscutNOUNsawVERB--PUNCTaDETcopseNOUNonADPyonderADVrockyADJpointNOUNonADPtheDETLytteltonPROPNsideNOUNofADPtheDEThamletNOUN,PUNCTwhereADVtheDETpoeticallyADVnamedVERB_PUNCTakeVERB-PUNCTrautangiNOUN_PUNCT,PUNCTtheDET_NOUNakeVERB_NOUNofADPtheDET“PUNCTcryingVERBleavesNOUN”PUNCTandCCONJaDETfewADJotherADJshrubsNOUNholdVERBtheirPRONlittleADJstonyADJfortNOUN;PUNCTandCCONJinADPTaarePROPNTikaoPROPN’sPARTgardenNOUNtheDET_PUNCTkaumatuaPROPN_PUNCThasVERBsomeDETtreasuredVERBplantsNOUN,PUNCTsuchADJasADPtheDEThandsomeADJ_PUNCTrauNOUN-PUNCTtawhiriNOUN_PUNCTshrubNOUN,PUNCTandCCONJtheDETfloweringNOUN_PUNCThakekeNOUN_PUNCT,PUNCTaDETvarietyNOUNofADP_NOUNakeVERB_PUNCT,PUNCTtheDETleavesNOUNofADPwhichPRONwhenADVcrushedVERBinADPtheDEThandNOUNhaveVERBaDETlemonNOUN-PUNCTlikeADJperfumeNOUN;PUNCTtheDETNativesNOUNusedVERBtoPARTboilVERBthemPRONforADPtheDET_PUNCThinuXkakaraX_PUNCT,PUNCTtheDETfragrantADJoilNOUNexpressedVERB.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1RemainsremainsNOUNNumber=Ptan16 sawnsubj
2therethereADVPronType=Dem1 Remainsadvmod
3butbutCCONJ_5 remnantcc
4aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art5 remnantdet
5remnantremnantNOUNNumber=Sing1 Remainsconj
6fromfromADP_9 slaughtercase
7thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art9 slaughterdet
8generalgeneralADJDegree=Pos9 slaughteramod
9slaughterslaughterNOUNNumber=Sing5 remnantnmod
10withwithADP_11 firecase
11firefireNOUNNumber=Sing9 slaughternmod
12andandCCONJ_13 axecc
13axeaxeNOUNNumber=Sing9 slaughterconj
14andandCCONJ_15 crosscutcc
15crosscutcrosscutNOUNNumber=Sing9 slaughterconj
16sawseeVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Finrootroot
17----PUNCT_19 copsepunct
18aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art19 copsedet
19copsecopseNOUNNumber=Sing16 sawobj
20ononADP_23 pointcase
21yonderyonderADV_22 rockyadvmod
22rockyrockyADJDegree=Pos23 pointamod
23pointpointNOUNNumber=Sing19 copsenmod
24ononADP_27 sidecase
25thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art27 sidedet
26LytteltonLytteltonPROPNNumber=Sing27 sidecompound
27sidesideNOUNNumber=Sing23 pointnmod
28ofofADP_30 hamletcase
29thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art30 hamletdet
30hamlethamletNOUNNumber=Sing27 sidenmod
31,,PUNCT_35 namedpunct
32wherewhereADVPronType=Rel35 namedadvmod
33thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art35 nameddet
34poeticallypoeticallyADV_35 namedadvmod
35namednameVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass30 hamletacl:relcl
36__PUNCT_37 akepunct
37akeakeVERBVerbForm=Inf16 sawccomp
38--PUNCT_39 rautangipunct
39rautangirautangiNOUNNumber=Sing37 akeobj
40__PUNCT_37 akepunct
41,,PUNCT_44 akepunct
42thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art43 _det
43__NOUNNumber=Plur44 akensubj
44akeakeVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin16 sawparataxis
45__NOUNNumber=Plur57 holdnsubj
46ofofADP_50 leavescase
47thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art50 leavesdet
48“"PUNCT_50 leavespunct
49cryingcryVERBVerbForm=Ger50 leavesamod
50leavesleafNOUNNumber=Plur45 _nmod
51”"PUNCT_50 leavespunct
52andandCCONJ_56 shrubscc
53aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art56 shrubsdet
54fewfewADJDegree=Pos56 shrubsamod
55otherotherADJDegree=Pos56 shrubsamod
56shrubsshrubNOUNNumber=Plur50 leavesconj
57holdholdVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin44 akeconj
58theirtheirPRONCase=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs61 fortnmod:poss
59littlelittleADJDegree=Pos61 fortamod
60stonystonyADJDegree=Pos61 fortamod
61fortfortNOUNNumber=Sing57 holdobj
62;;PUNCT_73 haspunct
63andandCCONJ_73 hascc
64ininADP_68 gardencase
65TaareTaarePROPNNumber=Sing68 gardennmod:poss
66TikaoTikaoPROPNNumber=Sing65 Taareflat
67’s'sPART_65 Taarecase
68gardengardenNOUNNumber=Sing73 hasobl
69thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art71 kaumatuadet
70__PUNCT_71 kaumatuapunct
71kaumatuakaumatuaPROPNNumber=Sing73 hasnsubj
72__PUNCT_71 kaumatuapunct
73hashaveVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin16 sawparataxis
74somesomeDETPronType=Ind76 plantsdet
75treasuredtreasureVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass76 plantsamod
76plantsplantNOUNNumber=Plur73 hasobj
77,,PUNCT_85 tawhiripunct
78suchsuchADJDegree=Pos ExtPos=ADP85 tawhiricase
79asasADP_78 suchfixed
80thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art83 raudet
81handsomehandsomeADJDegree=Pos83 rauamod
82__PUNCT_81 handsomepunct
83raurauNOUNNumber=Sing85 tawhiricompound
84--PUNCT_83 raupunct
85tawhiritawhiriNOUNNumber=Sing76 plantsconj
86__PUNCT_87 shrubpunct
87shrubshrubNOUNNumber=Sing76 plantsconj
88,,PUNCT_100 akepunct
89andandCCONJ_100 akecc
90thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art91 floweringdet
91floweringfloweringNOUNNumber=Sing100 akensubj
92__PUNCT_93 hakekepunct
93hakekehakekeNOUNNumber=Sing91 floweringappos
94__PUNCT_93 hakekepunct
95,,PUNCT_97 varietypunct
96aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art97 varietydet
97varietyvarietyNOUNNumber=Sing91 floweringappos
98ofofADP_99 _case
99__NOUNNumber=Plur97 varietynmod
100akeakeVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin16 sawparataxis
101__PUNCT_100 akepunct
102,,PUNCT_104 leavespunct
103thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art104 leavesdet
104leavesleafNOUNNumber=Plur112 havensubj
105ofofADP_106 whichcase
106whichwhichPRONPronType=Rel108 crushednsubj:pass
107whenwhenADVPronType=Int108 crushedadvmod
108crushedcrushVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass104 leavesacl:relcl
109ininADP_111 handcase
110thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art111 handdet
111handhandNOUNNumber=Sing108 crushedobl
112havehaveVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin100 akeparataxis
113aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art117 perfumedet
114lemonlemonNOUNNumber=Sing116 likecompound
115--PUNCT_114 lemonpunct
116likelikeADJDegree=Pos117 perfumeamod
117perfumeperfumeNOUNNumber=Sing112 haveobj
118;;PUNCT_121 usedpunct
119thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art120 Nativesdet
120NativesnativeNOUNNumber=Plur121 usednsubj
121useduseVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin16 sawconj
122totoPART_123 boilmark
123boilboilVERBVerbForm=Inf121 usedxcomp
124themtheyPRONCase=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs123 boilobj
125forforADP_128 hinucase
126thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art128 hinudet
127__PUNCT_128 hinupunct
128hinuhinuXForeign=Yes123 boilobj
129kakarakakaraXForeign=Yes128 hinuflat:foreign
130__PUNCT_121 usedpunct
131,,PUNCT_134 oilpunct
132thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art134 oildet
133fragrantfragrantADJDegree=Pos134 oilamod
134oiloilNOUNNumber=Sing121 usedobl
135expressedexpressVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass134 oilacl
136..PUNCT_16 sawpunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1seepastRemains but a remnant from the general slaughter with fire and axe and crosscuta copserocky point on the Lyttelton side of the hamlettree rules
2nameparticiplepoetically propertyvn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3akeinfinitiverautangitree rules
4akepresentthe _tree rules
5cry speech: express in a quotegerundvn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
6holdpresent_ of the crying leaves and a few other shrubsRemains's little stony fortvn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fort=Theme
7havepresentthe kaumatuasome treasured plants and rau tawhiri and shrubTaare's gardenvn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plant=Patient
8treasureparticiplevn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer
9akepresentthe floweringtree rules
10crushparticiple · passivethe leavesthe handvn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
11havepresentthe leavesa like perfumevn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent perfume=Patient
12usepastthe Nativesthe fragrant oilvn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
13boilto-infinitivethe Natives not said hereNatives = nativevn preparing-26.3-2 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary hinu=Patient
14expressparticiplethe fragrant oil not said herevn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/12/65/