Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea., sentence 98
Yon savage Poho of rhyolite, and the peaked and pinnacled cores of old volcanoes that break through the grassy hills for mile after mile, all have their tales of pre-_pakeha_ years, of which we shall chronicle something again.
Who acts: old volcanoes, Poho, we, Hills · What happens: peak, pinnacle, break, have, chronicle, tell · To what, where: grassy hills, tales, something · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (old volcanoes, Poho, we, Hills), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yon | yon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 savage | compound |
| 2 | savage | savage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 Poho | nmod:desc |
| 3 | Poho | Poho | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 have | nsubj |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 rhyolite | case |
| 5 | rhyolite | rhyolite | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 Poho | nmod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 cores | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 cores | cc |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 cores | det |
| 9 | peaked | peak | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 cores | amod |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 pinnacled | cc |
| 11 | pinnacled | pinnacle | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 peaked | conj |
| 12 | cores | core | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 Poho | conj |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 volcanoes | case |
| 14 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 volcanoes | amod |
| 15 | volcanoes | volcano | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 cores | nmod |
| 16 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 17 break | nsubj |
| 17 | break | break | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 volcanoes | acl:relcl |
| 18 | through | through | ADP | _ | 21 hills | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 hills | det |
| 20 | grassy | grassy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 hills | amod |
| 21 | hills | hill | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 break | obl |
| 22 | for | for | ADP | _ | 23 mile | case |
| 23 | mile | mile | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 break | obl |
| 24 | after | after | ADP | _ | 25 mile | case |
| 25 | mile | mile | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 break | obl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 have | punct |
| 27 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 28 have | advmod |
| 28 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 29 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 tales | nmod:poss |
| 30 | tales | tale | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 have | obj |
| 31 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 pre | case |
| 32 | pre | pre | X | _ | 30 tales | amod |
| 33 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 32 pre | punct |
| 34 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 35 pakeha | punct |
| 35 | pakeha | pakeha | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 tales | conj |
| 36 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 37 years | punct |
| 37 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 have | obl |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 chronicle | punct |
| 39 | of | of | ADP | _ | 40 which | case |
| 40 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 43 chronicle | obl |
| 41 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 43 chronicle | nsubj |
| 42 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 43 chronicle | aux |
| 43 | chronicle | chronicle | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 have | conj |
| 44 | something | something | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 43 chronicle | obj |
| 45 | again | again | ADV | _ | 43 chronicle | advmod |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 28 have | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | peak | participle | tree rules | ||||||
| 2 | pinnacle | participle | tree rules | ||||||
| 3 | break | present | old volcanoes | the grassy hills | after mile | for mile | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through hill=Location | ||
| 4 | have | present | Poho Yon savage of rhyolite and the peaked cores of old volcanoes | Hills's tales and pakeha | year | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tale=Patient | |||
| 5 | chronicle | shall | we | something | again | which obl | vn transcribe-25.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme | ||
| 6 | tell | Hills = hill | nom tale «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/12/98/