Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, How the Sacred Fire Came to Witch Hill., sentence 31
And as he and his companions came out of the bush and passed out on to the summit of the mountain above Rapaki, a great storm of wind and rain, followed by hail and snow, burst upon them from the south and they were like to perish from the cold.
Who acts: Maoris, gods, wind · What happens: come out, pass out, follow, burst, perish, storm · To what, where: bush, summit, great storm, south, cold
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, How the Sacred Fire Came to Witch Hill.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Maoris, gods, wind), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 came | cc |
| 2 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 7 came | mark |
| 3 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 came | nsubj |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 companions | cc |
| 5 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 companions | nmod:poss |
| 6 | companions | companion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 he | conj |
| 7 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | out | out | ADP | _ | 11 bush | case |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 bush | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 bush | det |
| 11 | bush | bush | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 came | obl |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 passed | cc |
| 13 | passed | pass | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 bush | conj |
| 14 | out | out | ADP | _ | 13 passed | compound:prt |
| 15 | on | on | ADP | _ | 18 summit | case |
| 16 | to | to | ADP | _ | 18 summit | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 summit | det |
| 18 | summit | summit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 passed | obl |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 mountain | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 mountain | det |
| 21 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 summit | nmod |
| 22 | above | above | ADP | _ | 23 Rapaki | case |
| 23 | Rapaki | Rapaki | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 mountain | nmod |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 storm | punct |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 storm | det |
| 26 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 storm | amod |
| 27 | storm | storm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 bush | conj |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 29 wind | case |
| 29 | wind | wind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 storm | nmod |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 rain | cc |
| 31 | rain | rain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 wind | conj |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 followed | punct |
| 33 | followed | follow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 27 storm | acl:relcl |
| 34 | by | by | ADP | _ | 35 hail | case |
| 35 | hail | hail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 followed | obl |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 snow | cc |
| 37 | snow | snow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 hail | conj |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 burst | punct |
| 39 | burst | burst | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 came | conj |
| 40 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 41 them | case |
| 41 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 39 burst | obl |
| 42 | from | from | ADP | _ | 44 south | case |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 south | det |
| 44 | south | south | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 burst | obl |
| 45 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 50 perish | cc |
| 46 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 50 perish | nsubj |
| 47 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 50 perish | aux |
| 48 | like | like | SCONJ | _ | 50 perish | mark |
| 49 | to | to | PART | _ | 50 perish | mark |
| 50 | perish | perish | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 came | conj |
| 51 | from | from | ADP | _ | 53 cold | case |
| 52 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 53 cold | det |
| 53 | cold | cold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 perish | obl |
| 54 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 came | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come out | past | Maoris | the bush and a great storm of wind and rain | vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient bush=Result | ||||
| 2 | pass out | participle | Maoris not said here | the summit of the mountain above Rapaki | vn change_bodily_state-40.8.4 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 3 | follow | participle | a great storm of wind and rain not said here | by hail and snow | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme by hail=Location | ||||
| 4 | burst | infinitive | Maoris not said here | the south | upon hail | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon they=Location | |||
| 5 | perish | past | gods = god | the cold | vn die-42.4-1 «NP V PP.cause»: agent=Patient from cold=Causer | ||||
| 6 | storm | wind and rain | nom storm «phenomenon intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/13/31/