Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, How the Sacred Fire Came to Witch Hill., sentence 32
It was freezing cold, and Tamatea was without fire or the means of making one, for no fire-making timbers grew in that spot.
Who acts: storm, Tamatea, the, making timbers · What happens: freeze, be, mean, make, grow · To what, where: one, spot · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, How the Sacred Fire Came to Witch Hill.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (storm, Tamatea, the, making timbers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 freezing | nsubj |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 freezing | aux |
| 3 | freezing | freeze | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 4 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 freezing | xcomp |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 fire | punct |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 fire | cc |
| 7 | Tamatea | Tamatea | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 fire | nsubj |
| 8 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 fire | cop |
| 9 | without | without | ADP | _ | 10 fire | case |
| 10 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 freezing | obl |
| 11 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 13 means | cc |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 means | nsubj |
| 13 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 fire | conj |
| 14 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 15 making | mark |
| 15 | making | make | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 13 means | ccomp |
| 16 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 15 making | obj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 grew | punct |
| 18 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 24 grew | mark |
| 19 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 23 timbers | det |
| 20 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 making | compound |
| 21 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 20 fire | punct |
| 22 | making | make | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 23 timbers | amod |
| 23 | timbers | timber | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 grew | nsubj |
| 24 | grew | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 making | conj |
| 25 | in | in | ADP | _ | 27 spot | case |
| 26 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 27 spot | det |
| 27 | spot | spot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 grew | obl |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 freezing | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | freeze | past · progressive | storm | cold property | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 2 | is | past | Tamatea | without fire | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | mean | present | the | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | make | gerund | one | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset one=Product | |||||
| 5 | make | gerund | fire compound | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | |||||
| 6 | grow | past | no making timbers | that spot | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in spot=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/13/32/