Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, How the Sacred Fire Came to Witch Hill., sentence 38
And when the chief left the spot next day to continue his journey he said, “Let this place be called The Place where Tamatea’s Fire-Ashes Lie”; and so to-day the rocky wall which the white man has named the Giant’s Causeway is to the Maori “Te Whaka-takanga-o-te-Karehu-a-Tamatea.”
Who acts: chief, bay, place, Fire Ashes, rocky wall · What happens: leave, continue, say, let, call, lie · To what, where: spot, journey, place, white man · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, How the Sacred Fire Came to Witch Hill.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chief, bay, place, Fire Ashes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 left | cc |
| 2 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 5 left | advmod |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 chief | det |
| 4 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 left | nsubj |
| 5 | left | leave | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 spot | det |
| 7 | spot | spot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 left | obj |
| 8 | next | next | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 day | amod |
| 9 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 left | obl:unmarked |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 continue | mark |
| 11 | continue | continue | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 left | advcl |
| 12 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 journey | nmod:poss |
| 13 | journey | journey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 continue | obj |
| 14 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 said | nsubj |
| 15 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 left | parataxis |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 Let | punct |
| 17 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 18 Let | punct |
| 18 | Let | let | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 said | ccomp |
| 19 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 20 place | det |
| 20 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 Let | obj |
| 21 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 22 called | aux:pass |
| 22 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 Let | xcomp |
| 23 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 Place | det |
| 24 | Place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 called | obj |
| 25 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 31 Lie | advmod |
| 26 | Tamatea | Tamatea | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 Ashes | nmod:poss |
| 27 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 26 Tamatea | case |
| 28 | Fire | Fire | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 Ashes | compound |
| 29 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 28 Fire | punct |
| 30 | Ashes | ash | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 Lie | nsubj |
| 31 | Lie | lie | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 Place | acl:relcl |
| 32 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 31 Lie | punct |
| 33 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 55 Maori | punct |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 55 Maori | cc |
| 35 | so | so | ADV | _ | 55 Maori | advmod |
| 36 | to | to | ADP | _ | 38 day | case |
| 37 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 36 to | punct |
| 38 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 55 Maori | obl |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 wall | det |
| 40 | rocky | rocky | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 wall | amod |
| 41 | wall | wall | NOUN | Number=Sing | 55 Maori | nsubj |
| 42 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 47 named | obj |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 man | det |
| 44 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 man | amod |
| 45 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 named | nsubj:pass |
| 46 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 47 named | aux |
| 47 | named | name | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 41 wall | acl:relcl |
| 48 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 51 Causeway | det |
| 49 | Giant | giant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 51 Causeway | amod |
| 50 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 49 Giant | case |
| 51 | Causeway | Causeway | PROPN | Number=Sing | 47 named | xcomp |
| 52 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 55 Maori | cop |
| 53 | to | to | ADP | _ | 55 Maori | case |
| 54 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 55 Maori | det |
| 55 | Maori | Maori | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 left | parataxis |
| 56 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 57 Te | punct |
| 57 | Te | Te | PROPN | Number=Sing | 55 Maori | conj |
| 58 | Whaka | Whaka | PROPN | Number=Sing | 57 Te | flat |
| 59 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 60 takanga | punct |
| 60 | takanga | takanga | NOUN | Number=Sing | 57 Te | appos |
| 61 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 64 te | punct |
| 62 | o | of | ADP | Abbr=Yes | 64 te | case |
| 63 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 62 o | punct |
| 64 | te | te | NOUN | Number=Sing | 60 takanga | appos |
| 65 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 66 Karehu | punct |
| 66 | Karehu | Karehu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 64 te | appos |
| 67 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 70 Tamatea | punct |
| 68 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 70 Tamatea | det |
| 69 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 68 a | punct |
| 70 | Tamatea | Tamatea | PROPN | Number=Sing | 66 Karehu | conj |
| 71 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 66 Karehu | punct |
| 72 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 64 te | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | leave | past | the chief | the spot | day | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spot=Theme | |||
| 2 | continue | to-infinitive | the chief not said here | bay's journey | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent journey=Theme | ||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | past | bay | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | let in a quote | infinitive | this place | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | call in a quote | infinitive · passive | this place not said here | the Place | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: place=Recipient | ||||
| 6 | lie in a quote | present | Tamatea's Fire Ashes | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | name | present · perfect · passive | the white man | the rocky wall obj; the Giant Causeway xcomp | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP NP»: subject=Theme which=Attribute | ||||
| 8 | is | present | the rocky wall | day | to the Maori and Te; Te conj | tree rules | |||
| 9 | journey | bay | nom journey «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/13/38/