Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, How the Sacred Fire Came to Witch Hill., sentence 44
Tikao speaks of a time when the lower part of Lyttelton Harbour was not in eruption, but when the upper part was; from the southern side of Quail Island to the head of the bay was a furnace; there was no water in it at that immeasurably distant day.
Who acts: Tikao, lower part, upper part, southern side, water · What happens: speak, not be, be · To what, where: eruption, southern side, furnace, side · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, How the Sacred Fire Came to Witch Hill.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tikao, lower part, upper part, southern side), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tikao | Tikao | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 speaks | nsubj |
| 2 | speaks | speak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 time | case |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 time | det |
| 5 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 speaks | obl |
| 6 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 16 eruption | advmod |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 part | det |
| 8 | lower | low | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 9 part | amod |
| 9 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 eruption | nsubj |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 Harbour | case |
| 11 | Lyttelton | Lyttelton | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 Harbour | compound |
| 12 | Harbour | Harbour | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 part | nmod |
| 13 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 eruption | cop |
| 14 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 16 eruption | advmod |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 eruption | case |
| 16 | eruption | eruption | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 time | nmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 furnace | punct |
| 18 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 40 furnace | cc |
| 19 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 28 side | mark |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 part | det |
| 21 | upper | upper | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 part | amod |
| 22 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 side | nsubj |
| 23 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 side | cop |
| 24 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 28 side | punct |
| 25 | from | from | ADP | _ | 28 side | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 side | det |
| 27 | southern | southern | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 side | amod |
| 28 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 furnace | nsubj |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 Island | case |
| 30 | Quail | Quail | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 Island | compound |
| 31 | Island | Island | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 side | nmod |
| 32 | to | to | ADP | _ | 34 head | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 head | det |
| 34 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 side | nmod |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 37 bay | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 bay | det |
| 37 | bay | bay | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 head | nmod |
| 38 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 40 furnace | cop |
| 39 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 40 furnace | det |
| 40 | furnace | furnace | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 speaks | obl |
| 41 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 43 was | punct |
| 42 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 43 was | expl |
| 43 | was | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 speaks | conj |
| 44 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 45 water | det |
| 45 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 was | nsubj |
| 46 | in | in | ADP | _ | 47 it | case |
| 47 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 43 was | obl |
| 48 | at | at | ADP | _ | 52 day | case |
| 49 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 52 day | det |
| 50 | immeasurably | immeasurably | ADV | _ | 51 distant | advmod |
| 51 | distant | distant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 52 day | amod |
| 52 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 was | obl |
| 53 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 speaks | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | speak speech: other | present | Tikao | time | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | not is | past | the lower part of Lyttelton Harbour | eruption | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | is | past | the upper part | the southern side | of Quail Island; to the head of the bay | tree rules | |||
| 4 | is a | past | the southern side | a furnace | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | be | past | no water | side; there | day | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in it=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/13/44/