Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, How the Sacred Fire Came to Witch Hill., sentence 47
“Judging from the persistent nature of these dykes,” he adds, “it is clear that the mountain must have been split at times from top to bottom, and the liquid material which welled from the fissures must have looked at night like a red-hot streak across the country.”
Who acts: dyke, liquid material · What happens: judge, add, be, split, well, look · To what, where: persistent nature, mountain, fissures, liquid material · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, How the Sacred Fire Came to Witch Hill.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dyke, liquid material), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Judging | punct |
| 2 | Judging | judge | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 13 adds | csubj |
| 3 | from | from | ADP | _ | 6 nature | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 nature | det |
| 5 | persistent | persistent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 nature | amod |
| 6 | nature | nature | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 Judging | obl |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 dykes | case |
| 8 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 9 dykes | det |
| 9 | dykes | dyke | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 nature | nmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 Judging | punct |
| 11 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Judging | punct |
| 12 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 adds | nsubj |
| 13 | adds | add | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 clear | punct |
| 15 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 18 clear | punct |
| 16 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 clear | expl |
| 17 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 clear | cop |
| 18 | clear | clear | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 adds | conj |
| 19 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 25 split | mark |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 mountain | det |
| 21 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 split | nsubj:pass |
| 22 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 25 split | aux |
| 23 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 25 split | aux |
| 24 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 25 split | aux:pass |
| 25 | split | split | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 clear | advcl |
| 26 | at | at | ADP | _ | 27 times | case |
| 27 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 split | obl |
| 28 | from | from | ADP | _ | 29 top | case |
| 29 | top | top | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 split | obl |
| 30 | to | to | ADP | _ | 31 bottom | case |
| 31 | bottom | bottom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 top | nmod |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 looked | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 looked | cc |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 material | det |
| 35 | liquid | liquid | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 material | compound |
| 36 | material | material | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 looked | nsubj:pass |
| 37 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 38 welled | nsubj |
| 38 | welled | well | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 material | acl:relcl |
| 39 | from | from | ADP | _ | 41 fissures | case |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 fissures | det |
| 41 | fissures | fissure | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 welled | obl |
| 42 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 44 looked | aux |
| 43 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 44 looked | aux |
| 44 | looked | look | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 adds | conj |
| 45 | at | at | ADP | _ | 46 night | case |
| 46 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 looked | obl |
| 47 | like | like | ADP | _ | 52 streak | case |
| 48 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 52 streak | det |
| 49 | red | red | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 52 streak | amod |
| 50 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 49 red | punct |
| 51 | hot | hot | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 52 streak | amod |
| 52 | streak | streak | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 looked | obl |
| 53 | across | across | ADP | _ | 55 country | case |
| 54 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 55 country | det |
| 55 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 streak | nmod |
| 56 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 adds | punct |
| 57 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 adds | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | judge in a quote | gerund | the persistent nature of this dykes | vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V whether/if S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | add speech: assert | present | dyke | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | is in a quote | present | dyke not said here | clear property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | split in a quote | must · perfect · passive | the mountain | time | from top to bottom | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: subject=Patient from top=Co-Patient | |||
| 5 | well in a quote | past | the liquid material | the fissures | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | look in a quote | must · perfect · passive | the liquid material | night | like a red hot streak across the country | vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Attribute |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/13/47/