Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, How the Sacred Fire Came to Witch Hill., sentence 46

Of the lava dykes Professor R. Speight writes in his account of the geology of the Port Hills that they radiate from the harbour as a centre and form, as it were, the ribs of the mountain, holding it firmly together and helping it to resist the enormous strains to which it was exposed before and during eruptions.

Who acts: R., mataa, form · What happens: dyke, write, radiate, be, hold, help · To what, where: account, harbour, form, enormous strains, geology

This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, How the Sacred Fire Came to Witch Hill.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (R., mataa, form), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Of	of	ADP	_	3 lava	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 lava	det
3	lava	lava	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 dykes	obl
4	dykes	dyke	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	Professor	Professor	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 R.	nmod:desc
6	R.	R.	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 writes	nsubj
7	Speight	Speight	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 R.	flat
8	writes	write	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 dykes	ccomp
9	in	in	ADP	_	11 account	case
10	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 account	nmod:poss
11	account	account	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 writes	obl
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 geology	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 geology	det
14	geology	geology	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 account	nmod
15	of	of	ADP	_	18 Hills	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 Hills	det
17	Port	Port	PROPN	Number=Sing	18 Hills	compound
18	Hills	hill	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 geology	nmod
19	that	that	SCONJ	_	21 radiate	mark
20	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 radiate	nsubj
21	radiate	radiate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 Hills	advcl
22	from	from	ADP	_	24 harbour	case
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 harbour	det
24	harbour	harbour	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 radiate	obl
25	as	as	ADP	_	27 centre	case
26	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	27 centre	det
27	centre	centre	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 harbour	nmod
28	and	and	CCONJ	_	29 form	cc
29	form	form	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 centre	conj
30	,	,	PUNCT	_	36 ribs	punct
31	as	as	ADP	_	36 ribs	case
32	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	36 ribs	nsubj
33	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	36 ribs	cop
34	,	,	PUNCT	_	36 ribs	punct
35	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	36 ribs	det
36	ribs	rib	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 dykes	obl
37	of	of	ADP	_	39 mountain	case
38	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	39 mountain	det
39	mountain	mountain	NOUN	Number=Sing	36 ribs	nmod
40	,	,	PUNCT	_	41 holding	punct
41	holding	hold	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 dykes	advcl
42	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	41 holding	obj
43	firmly	firmly	ADV	_	44 together	advmod
44	together	together	ADV	_	41 holding	advmod
45	and	and	CCONJ	_	46 helping	cc
46	helping	help	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	41 holding	conj
47	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	46 helping	obj
48	to	to	PART	_	49 resist	mark
49	resist	resist	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	46 helping	xcomp
50	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	52 strains	det
51	enormous	enormous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	52 strains	amod
52	strains	strain	NOUN	Number=Plur	49 resist	obj
53	to	to	ADP	_	54 which	case
54	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	57 exposed	obl
55	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	57 exposed	nsubj:pass
56	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	57 exposed	aux:pass
57	exposed	expose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	52 strains	acl:relcl
58	before	before	ADV	_	57 exposed	advmod
59	and	and	CCONJ	_	61 eruptions	cc
60	during	during	ADP	_	61 eruptions	case
61	eruptions	eruption	NOUN	Number=Plur	58 before	conj
62	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 dykes	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	other	roles by
1	dyke	present					of the lava	tree rules
2	write	present	R. Professor			R.'s account of the geology of the Port Hills		vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in account=Destination
3	radiate	present	mataa			the harbour as a centre and form		vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP.theme V PP.source»: agent=Theme from harbour=Source
4	is	past	form				as the ribs; of the mountain	tree rules
5	hold	gerund		form			together property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
6	help	gerund		form				vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent it=Beneficiary clause=Theme
7	resist	to-infinitive	form not said here	the enormous strains				tree rules
8	expose	past · passive		form	the enormous strains		before property	vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Theme to which=Recipient
9	account		R.	the geology of the Port Hills				nom account «communication transitive»: poss=agent of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/13/46/

🌲 Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, How the Sacred Fire Came to Witch Hill., sentence 46

The tree

Pragmatics

Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, How the Sacred Fire Came to Witch Hill., sentence 46