Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Little People of the Mist., sentence 13
Sometimes, when the mists came down and the fog enveloped the hills, on still, calm days our old men and women would say the fairies were out, the sun-shunning _Patu-paiarehe_, and it were well not to venture up the range.
Who acts: mists, fog, old men, fairies, sun, mist · What happens: come down, envelop, say, be out, shun, not venture up · To what, where: hills, fairies, range · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Little People of the Mist.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mists, fog, old men, fairies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sometimes | sometimes | ADV | PronType=Ind | 6 came | advmod |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 came | punct |
| 3 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 6 came | mark |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 mists | det |
| 5 | mists | mist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 came | nsubj |
| 6 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | down | down | ADV | _ | 6 came | advmod |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 enveloped | cc |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 fog | det |
| 10 | fog | fog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 enveloped | nsubj |
| 11 | enveloped | envelop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 came | conj |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 hills | det |
| 13 | hills | hill | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 enveloped | obj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 say | punct |
| 15 | on | on | ADP | _ | 19 days | case |
| 16 | still | still | ADV | _ | 19 days | advmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 still | punct |
| 18 | calm | calm | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 days | amod |
| 19 | days | day | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 say | obl |
| 20 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 men | nmod:poss |
| 21 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 men | amod |
| 22 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 say | nsubj |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 women | cc |
| 24 | women | woman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 men | conj |
| 25 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 26 say | aux |
| 26 | say | say | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 enveloped | conj |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 fairies | det |
| 28 | fairies | fairy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 say | obj |
| 29 | were | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 fairies | acl |
| 30 | out | out | ADP | _ | 29 were | compound:prt |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 shunning | punct |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 sun | det |
| 33 | sun | sun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 shunning | nsubj |
| 34 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 33 sun | punct |
| 35 | shunning | shun | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 26 say | ccomp |
| 36 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 39 paiarehe | punct |
| 37 | Patu | Patu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 39 paiarehe | compound |
| 38 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 37 Patu | punct |
| 39 | paiarehe | paiarehe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 shunning | conj |
| 40 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 35 shunning | punct |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 48 venture | punct |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 48 venture | cc |
| 43 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 48 venture | nsubj |
| 44 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 48 venture | aux |
| 45 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 48 venture | advmod |
| 46 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 48 venture | advmod |
| 47 | to | to | PART | _ | 48 venture | mark |
| 48 | venture | venture | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 came | conj |
| 49 | up | up | ADP | _ | 48 venture | compound:prt |
| 50 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 51 range | det |
| 51 | range | range | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 venture | obj |
| 52 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 came | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come down | past | the mists | down, sometimes property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | envelop | past | the fog | the hills | vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme hill=Co-Theme | ||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | would | our old men and women | the fairies | day | tree rules | |||
| 4 | be out | past | the fairies not said here | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | shun | gerund | the sun | Patu paiarehe conj | vn avoid-52 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 6 | not venture up | past | mist | the range | well property | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent range=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/14/13/