Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Little People of the Mist., sentence 21
Also there are the high rocky peaks which overlook Akaroa Harbour--Pu-Waitaha, or French Hill, between Wainui settlement and Buchanan’s; Otehore, a rocky flat-topped height above French Farm, on the upper part of the harbour; the summit heights above Akaroa town, Purple Peak, Mount Berard and Brazenose--these we call O-te-Patatu, Tara-te-rehu, and Otoki; and lastly Tuhiraki, the sky-pencilling peak, which the French named Mount Bossu, on the western side of the harbour.
Who acts: high rocky peaks, we, French · What happens: be, overlook, top, call, name · To what, where: O te, pencilling peak · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Little People of the Mist.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (high rocky peaks, we, French), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Also | also | ADV | _ | 3 are | advmod |
| 2 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 3 are | expl |
| 3 | are | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 peaks | det |
| 5 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 peaks | amod |
| 6 | rocky | rocky | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 peaks | amod |
| 7 | peaks | peak | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 are | nsubj |
| 8 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 overlook | nsubj |
| 9 | overlook | overlook | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 peaks | acl:relcl |
| 10 | Akaroa | Akaroa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 peaks | appos |
| 11 | Harbour | Harbour | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 Akaroa | flat |
| 12 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 13 Pu | punct |
| 13 | Pu | Pu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 Akaroa | flat |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 15 Waitaha | punct |
| 15 | Waitaha | Waitaha | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 Akaroa | conj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 Hill | punct |
| 17 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 19 Hill | cc |
| 18 | French | French | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 Hill | compound |
| 19 | Hill | Hill | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 Akaroa | list |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 settlement | punct |
| 21 | between | between | ADP | _ | 23 settlement | case |
| 22 | Wainui | Wainui | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 settlement | compound |
| 23 | settlement | settlement | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 Akaroa | appos |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 Buchanan | cc |
| 25 | Buchanan | Buchanan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 Akaroa | conj |
| 26 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 25 Buchanan | case |
| 27 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 28 Otehore | punct |
| 28 | Otehore | Otehore | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 are | parataxis |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 height | punct |
| 30 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 height | det |
| 31 | rocky | rocky | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 height | amod |
| 32 | flat | flat | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 topped | compound |
| 33 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 32 flat | punct |
| 34 | topped | top | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 35 height | amod |
| 35 | height | height | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 Otehore | appos |
| 36 | above | above | ADP | _ | 38 Farm | case |
| 37 | French | French | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 Farm | amod |
| 38 | Farm | farm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 height | nmod |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 part | punct |
| 40 | on | on | ADP | _ | 43 part | case |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 part | det |
| 42 | upper | upper | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 part | amod |
| 43 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 height | parataxis |
| 44 | of | of | ADP | _ | 46 harbour | case |
| 45 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 harbour | det |
| 46 | harbour | harbour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 part | nmod |
| 47 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 50 heights | punct |
| 48 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 50 heights | det |
| 49 | summit | summit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 heights | compound |
| 50 | heights | height | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 Otehore | appos |
| 51 | above | above | ADP | _ | 53 town | case |
| 52 | Akaroa | Akaroa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 53 town | compound |
| 53 | town | town | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 heights | nmod |
| 54 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 56 Peak | punct |
| 55 | Purple | purple | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 56 Peak | amod |
| 56 | Peak | Peak | PROPN | Number=Sing | 50 heights | conj |
| 57 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 58 Mount | punct |
| 58 | Mount | Mount | PROPN | Number=Sing | 56 Peak | appos |
| 59 | Berard | Berard | PROPN | Number=Sing | 58 Mount | flat |
| 60 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 61 Brazenose | cc |
| 61 | Brazenose | Brazenose | PROPN | Number=Sing | 56 Peak | conj |
| 62 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 63 these | punct |
| 63 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 56 Peak | appos |
| 64 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 65 call | nsubj |
| 65 | call | call | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 63 these | acl:relcl |
| 66 | O | o | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 68 te | nummod |
| 67 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 66 O | punct |
| 68 | te | te | NOUN | Number=Sing | 65 call | obj |
| 69 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 70 Patatu | punct |
| 70 | Patatu | Patatu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 68 te | appos |
| 71 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 76 rehu | punct |
| 72 | Tara | Tara | PROPN | Number=Sing | 76 rehu | compound |
| 73 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 72 Tara | punct |
| 74 | te | te | NOUN | Number=Sing | 76 rehu | compound |
| 75 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 74 te | punct |
| 76 | rehu | rehu | NOUN | Number=Sing | 70 Patatu | appos |
| 77 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 79 Otoki | punct |
| 78 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 79 Otoki | cc |
| 79 | Otoki | Otoki | PROPN | Number=Sing | 70 Patatu | conj |
| 80 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 83 Tuhiraki | punct |
| 81 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 83 Tuhiraki | cc |
| 82 | lastly | lastly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 83 Tuhiraki | amod |
| 83 | Tuhiraki | Tuhiraki | PROPN | Number=Sing | 65 call | parataxis |
| 84 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 89 peak | punct |
| 85 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 89 peak | det |
| 86 | sky | sky | NOUN | Number=Sing | 88 pencilling | compound |
| 87 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 86 sky | punct |
| 88 | pencilling | pencilling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 89 peak | compound |
| 89 | peak | peak | NOUN | Number=Sing | 83 Tuhiraki | appos |
| 90 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 94 named | punct |
| 91 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 94 named | obj |
| 92 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 93 French | det |
| 93 | French | French | PROPN | Number=Sing | 94 named | nsubj |
| 94 | named | name | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 89 peak | acl:relcl |
| 95 | Mount | Mount | PROPN | Number=Sing | 94 named | xcomp |
| 96 | Bossu | Bossu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 95 Mount | flat |
| 97 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 101 side | punct |
| 98 | on | on | ADP | _ | 101 side | case |
| 99 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 101 side | det |
| 100 | western | western | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 101 side | amod |
| 101 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 83 Tuhiraki | appos |
| 102 | of | of | ADP | _ | 104 harbour | case |
| 103 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 104 harbour | det |
| 104 | harbour | harbour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 101 side | nmod |
| 105 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 are | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | does | present | the high rocky peaks | there | Otehore parataxis | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 2 | overlook | present | the high rocky peaks | vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | top | participle | vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | call speech: assert | present | we | O te | lastly Tuhiraki parataxis | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent te=Recipient | |||
| 5 | name | past | the French | the pencilling peak | Mount xcomp | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/14/21/