Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Little People of the Mist., sentence 20
“Over yonder,” he said, “are the chief _pas_ of the _Patu-paiarehe_, which I shall list for you: There is the rock of Te Pohue, which _pakehas_ call the Monument between Purau and Port Levy; there is Hukuika Peak, on the hill road between Pigeon Bay and Little River; there is the mountain-top of Te U-Kura, which commands all the hill-country of the Peninsula--it is just at the back of the stopping-place called Hilltop on the road from Little River to Akaroa town.
Who acts: _, Patu paiarehe, rock, pakehas, Hukuika, mountain top · What happens: say, be, list, pakeha, call, command · To what, where: chief pas, Monument, hill country, back, stopping place, Akaroa town · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Little People of the Mist.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (_, Patu paiarehe, rock, pakehas), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 said | punct |
| 2 | Over | over | ADV | _ | 3 yonder | advmod |
| 3 | yonder | yonder | ADV | _ | 7 said | advmod |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 yonder | punct |
| 5 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 yonder | punct |
| 6 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 said | nsubj |
| 7 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 pas | punct |
| 9 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 pas | punct |
| 10 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 pas | cop |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 pas | det |
| 12 | chief | chief | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 pas | amod |
| 13 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 12 chief | punct |
| 14 | pas | pa | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 said | ccomp |
| 15 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 21 paiarehe | punct |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 paiarehe | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 paiarehe | det |
| 18 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 21 paiarehe | punct |
| 19 | Patu | Patu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 paiarehe | compound |
| 20 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 19 Patu | punct |
| 21 | paiarehe | paiarehe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 pas | parataxis |
| 22 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 21 paiarehe | punct |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 list | punct |
| 24 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 27 list | nsubj |
| 25 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 27 list | nsubj |
| 26 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 27 list | aux |
| 27 | list | list | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 paiarehe | parataxis |
| 28 | for | for | ADP | _ | 29 you | case |
| 29 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 27 list | obl |
| 30 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 32 is | punct |
| 31 | There | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 32 is | expl |
| 32 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 said | conj |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 rock | det |
| 34 | rock | rock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 is | nsubj |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 Te | case |
| 36 | Te | Te | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 rock | nmod |
| 37 | Pohue | Pohue | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 Te | flat |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 pakehas | punct |
| 39 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 41 pakehas | nsubj |
| 40 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 41 pakehas | punct |
| 41 | pakehas | pakeha | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 rock | conj |
| 42 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 43 call | punct |
| 43 | call | call | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 41 pakehas | acl |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 Monument | det |
| 45 | Monument | monument | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 call | obj |
| 46 | between | between | ADP | _ | 47 Purau | case |
| 47 | Purau | Purau | PROPN | Number=Sing | 45 Monument | nmod |
| 48 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 49 Port | cc |
| 49 | Port | Port | PROPN | Number=Sing | 47 Purau | conj |
| 50 | Levy | Levy | PROPN | Number=Sing | 49 Port | flat |
| 51 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 53 is | punct |
| 52 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 53 is | expl |
| 53 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 43 call | advcl |
| 54 | Hukuika | Hukuika | PROPN | Number=Sing | 53 is | nsubj |
| 55 | Peak | Peak | PROPN | Number=Sing | 54 Hukuika | flat |
| 56 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 60 road | punct |
| 57 | on | on | ADP | _ | 60 road | case |
| 58 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 60 road | det |
| 59 | hill | hill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 60 road | compound |
| 60 | road | road | NOUN | Number=Sing | 54 Hukuika | appos |
| 61 | between | between | ADP | _ | 63 Bay | case |
| 62 | Pigeon | Pigeon | PROPN | Number=Sing | 63 Bay | compound |
| 63 | Bay | Bay | PROPN | Number=Sing | 60 road | nmod |
| 64 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 66 River | cc |
| 65 | Little | Little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 66 River | amod |
| 66 | River | River | PROPN | Number=Sing | 63 Bay | conj |
| 67 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 69 is | punct |
| 68 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 69 is | expl |
| 69 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 43 call | advcl |
| 70 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 73 top | det |
| 71 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 73 top | compound |
| 72 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 71 mountain | punct |
| 73 | top | top | NOUN | Number=Sing | 69 is | nsubj |
| 74 | of | of | ADP | _ | 75 Te | case |
| 75 | Te | Te | PROPN | Number=Sing | 73 top | nmod |
| 76 | U | U | PROPN | Number=Sing | 75 Te | flat |
| 77 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 78 Kura | punct |
| 78 | Kura | Kura | PROPN | Number=Sing | 75 Te | conj |
| 79 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 81 commands | punct |
| 80 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 81 commands | nsubj |
| 81 | commands | command | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 73 top | acl:relcl |
| 82 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 86 country | det:predet |
| 83 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 86 country | det |
| 84 | hill | hill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 86 country | compound |
| 85 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 84 hill | punct |
| 86 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 81 commands | obj |
| 87 | of | of | ADP | _ | 89 Peninsula | case |
| 88 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 89 Peninsula | det |
| 89 | Peninsula | Peninsula | PROPN | Number=Sing | 86 country | nmod |
| 90 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 96 back | punct |
| 91 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 96 back | nsubj |
| 92 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 96 back | cop |
| 93 | just | just | ADV | _ | 96 back | advmod |
| 94 | at | at | ADP | _ | 96 back | case |
| 95 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 96 back | det |
| 96 | back | back | NOUN | Number=Sing | 81 commands | obl |
| 97 | of | of | ADP | _ | 101 place | case |
| 98 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 101 place | det |
| 99 | stopping | stopping | NOUN | Number=Sing | 101 place | compound |
| 100 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 99 stopping | punct |
| 101 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 96 back | nmod |
| 102 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 101 place | acl |
| 103 | Hilltop | Hilltop | PROPN | Number=Sing | 102 called | xcomp |
| 104 | on | on | ADP | _ | 106 road | case |
| 105 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 106 road | det |
| 106 | road | road | NOUN | Number=Sing | 102 called | obl |
| 107 | from | from | ADP | _ | 109 River | case |
| 108 | Little | Little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 109 River | amod |
| 109 | River | River | PROPN | Number=Sing | 106 road | nmod |
| 110 | to | to | ADP | _ | 112 town | case |
| 111 | Akaroa | Akaroa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 112 town | compound |
| 112 | town | town | NOUN | Number=Sing | 102 called | obl |
| 113 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | _ | yonder property | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | is a in a quote | present | the chief pas | the Patu paiarehe parataxis | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | list in a quote | shall | the Patu paiarehe | for you; I nsubj | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | does in a quote | present | the rock of Te and pakehas | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | pakeha in a quote | the rock of Te and pakehas | tree rules | ||||||
| 6 | call in a quote | infinitive | pakehas not said here | the Monument | between Purau and Port | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent monument=Recipient | |||
| 7 | be in a quote | present | Hukuika | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 8 | be in a quote | present | the mountain top of Te and Kura | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 9 | command in a quote | present | the mountain top of Te and Kura | all hill country of the Peninsula | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.predicate»: agent=Agent country=Eventuality | ||||
| 10 | is in a quote | present | rock | the back | of the stopping place | tree rules | |||
| 11 | call in a quote | participle | the stopping place not said here | Akaroa town | the road from Little River | Hilltop xcomp | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to town=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/14/20/