Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Little People of the Mist., sentence 32

Suddenly the dense masses of fog were rent aside by the wind, and right above us, with a fore-ground of blackened tree-stumps, remnant of the ruined forest, we caught a glimpse of the black, jagged tor which the Maori called Te Puha, thrust up like a great spearhead by Ruaimoko, the Fire-God; in the light of the _Kaumatua’s_ stories it was easy to imagine it a sentry-tower of the fairies, or of such a place of witchery as the Ben Bulben of which we read in W. B. Yeats’s “Celtic Twilight.”

Who acts: wind, we, Maori · What happens: rend, blacken, ruin, catch, call, thrust up · To what, where: dense masses, glimpse, black jagged tor, Maori, W., stories · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Little People of the Mist.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wind, we, Maori), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Suddenly	suddenly	ADV	_	8 rent	advmod
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 masses	det
3	dense	dense	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 masses	amod
4	masses	mass	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 rent	nsubj:pass
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 fog	case
6	fog	fog	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 masses	nmod
7	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 rent	aux:pass
8	rent	rend	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
9	aside	aside	ADV	_	8 rent	advmod
10	by	by	ADP	_	12 wind	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 wind	det
12	wind	wind	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 rent	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 us	punct
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 us	cc
15	right	right	ADV	_	17 us	advmod
16	above	above	ADP	_	17 us	case
17	us	we	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	8 rent	obl
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 ground	punct
19	with	with	ADP	_	23 ground	case
20	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	23 ground	det
21	fore	fore	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 ground	compound
22	-	-	PUNCT	_	21 fore	punct
23	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 rent	obl
24	of	of	ADP	_	28 stumps	case
25	blackened	blacken	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	28 stumps	amod
26	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 stumps	compound
27	-	-	PUNCT	_	26 tree	punct
28	stumps	stump	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 ground	nmod
29	,	,	PUNCT	_	30 remnant	punct
30	remnant	remnant	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 stumps	conj
31	of	of	ADP	_	34 forest	case
32	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	34 forest	det
33	ruined	ruin	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	34 forest	amod
34	forest	forest	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 remnant	nmod
35	,	,	PUNCT	_	37 caught	punct
36	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	37 caught	nsubj
37	caught	catch	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 rent	parataxis
38	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	39 glimpse	det
39	glimpse	glimpse	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 caught	obj
40	of	of	ADP	_	45 tor	case
41	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	45 tor	det
42	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	45 tor	amod
43	,	,	PUNCT	_	42 black	punct
44	jagged	jagged	ADJ	Degree=Pos	45 tor	amod
45	tor	tor	NOUN	Number=Sing	39 glimpse	nmod
46	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	49 called	obj
47	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	48 Maori	det
48	Maori	Maori	PROPN	Number=Sing	49 called	nsubj
49	called	call	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	45 tor	acl:relcl
50	Te	Te	PROPN	Number=Sing	49 called	obj
51	Puha	Puha	PROPN	Number=Sing	50 Te	flat
52	,	,	PUNCT	_	53 thrust	punct
53	thrust	thrust	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	37 caught	conj
54	up	up	ADP	_	53 thrust	compound:prt
55	like	like	ADP	_	58 spearhead	case
56	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	58 spearhead	det
57	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	58 spearhead	amod
58	spearhead	spearhead	NOUN	Number=Sing	53 thrust	obl
59	by	by	ADP	_	60 Ruaimoko	case
60	Ruaimoko	Ruaimoko	PROPN	Number=Sing	58 spearhead	nmod
61	,	,	PUNCT	_	65 God	punct
62	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	65 God	det
63	Fire	Fire	PROPN	Number=Sing	65 God	compound
64	-	-	PUNCT	_	63 Fire	punct
65	God	God	PROPN	Number=Sing	60 Ruaimoko	conj
66	;	;	PUNCT	_	69 light	punct
67	in	in	ADP	_	69 light	case
68	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	69 light	det
69	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 rent	conj
70	of	of	ADP	_	76 stories	case
71	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	73 Kaumatua	det
72	_	_	PUNCT	_	73 Kaumatua	punct
73	Kaumatua	Kaumatua	PROPN	Number=Sing	76 stories	nmod:poss
74	’s	's	PART	_	73 Kaumatua	case
75	_	_	PUNCT	_	76 stories	punct
76	stories	story	NOUN	Number=Plur	69 light	nmod
77	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	79 easy	expl
78	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	79 easy	cop
79	easy	easy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	76 stories	amod
80	to	to	PART	_	81 imagine	mark
81	imagine	imagine	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	79 easy	csubj
82	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	81 imagine	obj
83	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	86 tower	det
84	sentry	sentry	NOUN	Number=Sing	86 tower	compound
85	-	-	PUNCT	_	84 sentry	punct
86	tower	tower	NOUN	Number=Sing	81 imagine	obj
87	of	of	ADP	_	89 fairies	case
88	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	89 fairies	det
89	fairies	fairy	NOUN	Number=Plur	86 tower	nmod
90	,	,	PUNCT	_	95 place	punct
91	or	or	CCONJ	_	95 place	cc
92	of	of	ADP	_	95 place	case
93	such	such	DET	PronType=Ind	95 place	det:predet
94	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	95 place	det
95	place	place	NOUN	Number=Sing	86 tower	conj
96	of	of	ADP	_	97 witchery	case
97	witchery	witchery	NOUN	Number=Sing	95 place	nmod
98	as	as	ADP	_	101 Bulben	case
99	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	101 Bulben	det
100	Ben	Ben	PROPN	Number=Sing	101 Bulben	flat
101	Bulben	Bulben	PROPN	Number=Sing	95 place	nmod
102	of	of	ADP	_	103 which	case
103	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	105 read	obl
104	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	105 read	nsubj
105	read	read	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	101 Bulben	acl:relcl
106	in	in	ADP	_	107 W.	case
107	W.	W.	PROPN	Number=Sing	105 read	obl
108	B.	B.	PROPN	Number=Sing	107 W.	flat
109	Yeats	Yeats	PROPN	Number=Sing	107 W.	flat
110	’s	's	PART	_	107 W.	case
111	“	"	PUNCT	_	113 Twilight	punct
112	Celtic	celtic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	113 Twilight	amod
113	Twilight	Twilight	PROPN	Number=Sing	107 W.	conj
114	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 rent	punct
115	”	"	PUNCT	_	8 rent	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	rend	past · passive	the wind	the dense masses of fog		above us; with a fore ground of blackened tree stumps and remnant of the ruined forest; the light of the Kaumatua's stories conj; aside, suddenly property	vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent subject=Patient with ground=Instrument
2	blacken	participle					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
3	ruin	participle					vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
4	catch	past	we	a glimpse of the black jagged tor			vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent glimpse=Theme
5	call	past	the Maori	the black jagged tor		Te obj	vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent which=Theme te=Result
6	thrust up	infinitive	we not said here			like a great spearhead by Ruaimoko and the Fire God	vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent
7	is	past				easy property	tree rules
8	imagine	to-infinitive		Maori		a sentry tower of the fairies or such place of witchery as the Ben Bulben obj	tree rules
9	read	past	we		W. and Celtic Twilight	of the Ben Bulben	vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent of which=Topic
10	glimpse			the black jagged tor			nom glimpse «act transitive»: of=patient
11	light			the Kaumatua's stories			nom light «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/14/32/

🌲 Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Little People of the Mist., sentence 32

The tree

Pragmatics

Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Little People of the Mist., sentence 32