Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, Mount Pleasant and Its “tapu.”, sentence 16
The flax-clumps and the _tauhinu_ bushes still murmur the name of Ngati-Mamoe, and though _pakeha_ sheep have long grazed over the site of Tauhinu-korokio and _pakeha_ voices make lively the mountain side, the soil holds the mysterious spell of the _tapu_.
Who acts: flax clumps, voices, soil · What happens: murmur, graze, make, hold, name, spell · To what, where: name, sheep, site, mountain side, mysterious spell, Ngati
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Mount Pleasant and Its “tapu.”. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (flax clumps, voices, soil), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 clumps | det |
| 2 | flax | flax | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 clumps | compound |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 2 flax | punct |
| 4 | clumps | clump | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 murmur | nsubj |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 bushes | cc |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 bushes | det |
| 7 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 8 tauhinu | punct |
| 8 | tauhinu | tauhinu | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 bushes | compound |
| 9 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 8 tauhinu | punct |
| 10 | bushes | bush | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 clumps | conj |
| 11 | still | still | ADV | _ | 12 murmur | advmod |
| 12 | murmur | murmur | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 name | det |
| 14 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 murmur | obj |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 Ngati | case |
| 16 | Ngati | Ngati | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 name | nmod |
| 17 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 18 Mamoe | punct |
| 18 | Mamoe | Mamoe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 Ngati | conj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 grazed | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 grazed | cc |
| 21 | though | though | SCONJ | _ | 23 pakeha | mark |
| 22 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 23 pakeha | punct |
| 23 | pakeha | pakeha | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 grazed | advcl |
| 24 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 23 pakeha | punct |
| 25 | sheep | sheep | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 grazed | nsubj:pass |
| 26 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 grazed | aux |
| 27 | long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 28 grazed | advmod |
| 28 | grazed | graze | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 41 make | advcl |
| 29 | over | over | ADP | _ | 31 site | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 site | det |
| 31 | site | site | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 grazed | obl |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 korokio | case |
| 33 | Tauhinu | Tauhinu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 korokio | compound |
| 34 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 33 Tauhinu | punct |
| 35 | korokio | korokio | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 site | nmod |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 pakeha | cc |
| 37 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 38 pakeha | punct |
| 38 | pakeha | pakeha | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 site | conj |
| 39 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 28 grazed | punct |
| 40 | voices | voice | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 make | nsubj |
| 41 | make | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 murmur | conj |
| 42 | lively | lively | ADV | _ | 45 side | advmod |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 side | det |
| 44 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 side | compound |
| 45 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 make | obl |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 49 holds | punct |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 soil | det |
| 48 | soil | soil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 holds | nsubj |
| 49 | holds | hold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 41 make | parataxis |
| 50 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 52 spell | det |
| 51 | mysterious | mysterious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 52 spell | amod |
| 52 | spell | spell | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 holds | obj |
| 53 | of | of | ADP | _ | 56 tapu | case |
| 54 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 56 tapu | det |
| 55 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 56 tapu | punct |
| 56 | tapu | tapu | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 spell | nmod |
| 57 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 49 holds | punct |
| 58 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 murmur | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | murmur speech: other | present | the flax clumps and the tauhinu bushes | the name of Ngati and Mamoe | still | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent name=Topic | |||
| 2 | graze | present · perfect · passive | sheep | the site of Tauhinu korokio and pakeha | pakeha advcl; long property | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer | |||
| 3 | make | present | voices | the mountain side | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | ||||
| 4 | hold | present | the soil | the mysterious spell of the tapu | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spell=Theme | ||||
| 5 | name | Ngati and Mamoe | nom name «communication transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 6 | spell | the tapu | nom spell «state transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/15/16/