Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, Mount Pleasant and Its “tapu.”, sentence 6
The _korokio_ is a small bushy black-branched growth which the _tauhinu_, as the Maoris say, often embraces and smothers, as the _rata_ eventually smothers the tree which it clasps.
Who acts: korokio _, small bushy branched growth, Maoris, tree · What happens: branch, be, tauhinu, say, smother, clasp · To what, where: small bushy branched growth, embraces, tree · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Mount Pleasant and Its “tapu.”. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (korokio _, small bushy branched growth, Maoris, tree), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 _ | det |
| 2 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 4 _ | punct |
| 3 | korokio | korokio | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 _ | compound |
| 4 | _ | _ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 growth | nsubj |
| 5 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 growth | cop |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 growth | det |
| 7 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 growth | amod |
| 8 | bushy | bushy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 growth | amod |
| 9 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 branched | compound |
| 10 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 9 black | punct |
| 11 | branched | branch | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 growth | amod |
| 12 | growth | growth | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 13 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 16 tauhinu | nsubj |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 tauhinu | det |
| 15 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 16 tauhinu | punct |
| 16 | tauhinu | tauhinu | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 growth | appos |
| 17 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 16 tauhinu | punct |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 say | punct |
| 19 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 22 say | mark |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 Maoris | det |
| 21 | Maoris | Maori | PROPN | Number=Plur | 22 say | nsubj |
| 22 | say | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 growth | parataxis |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 embraces | punct |
| 24 | often | often | ADV | _ | 25 embraces | advmod |
| 25 | embraces | embrace | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 say | obj |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 smothers | cc |
| 27 | smothers | smother | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 embraces | conj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 rata | punct |
| 29 | as | as | ADP | _ | 32 rata | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 rata | det |
| 31 | _ | _ | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 rata | amod |
| 32 | rata | rata | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 embraces | conj |
| 33 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 25 embraces | punct |
| 34 | eventually | eventually | ADV | _ | 35 smothers | advmod |
| 35 | smothers | smother | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 say | advcl |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 tree | det |
| 37 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 smothers | obj |
| 38 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 40 clasps | nsubj |
| 39 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 40 clasps | nsubj |
| 40 | clasps | clasp | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 37 tree | acl:relcl |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 growth | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | branch | participle | vn differ-23.4 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 2 | is a | present | the korokio _ | a small bushy branched growth | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | tauhinu | a small bushy branched growth | tree rules | ||||||
| 4 | say speech: assert | present | the Maoris | embraces and smothers and the _ rata | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent embrace=Topic | ||||
| 5 | smother | present | the Maoris not said here | the tree | eventually property | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme tree=Destination | |||
| 6 | clasp | present | the tree | _ nsubj | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/15/6/