Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Story of the Rocks., sentence 11
There is hardly a more interesting specimen of vulcanism in New Zealand, for example, than the strange wall of grey-white lava rock which Europeans call the Giant’s Causeway and the Maoris “The Fire of Tamatea,” which protrudes from the hilltop just above Rapaki, and which may be seen again on the far side of the harbour, a volcanic dyke that the ancient people--with surely some perception of geological truth--connected in their legends with the internal fires of the North Island.
Who acts: interesting specimen, Europeans, strange wall · What happens: be, call, protrude, see, connect, perceive · To what, where: grey white lava rock, hilltop, far side, ancient people, legends, geological truth · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Story of the Rocks.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (interesting specimen, Europeans, strange wall), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | There | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 2 is | expl |
| 2 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | hardly | hardly | ADV | _ | 2 is | advmod |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 specimen | det |
| 5 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 6 interesting | advmod |
| 6 | interesting | interesting | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 specimen | amod |
| 7 | specimen | specimen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 is | nsubj |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 vulcanism | case |
| 9 | vulcanism | vulcanism | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 specimen | nmod |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 Zealand | case |
| 11 | New | New | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 Zealand | flat |
| 12 | Zealand | Zealand | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 vulcanism | nmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 example | punct |
| 14 | for | for | ADP | _ | 15 example | case |
| 15 | example | example | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 specimen | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 wall | punct |
| 17 | than | than | ADP | _ | 20 wall | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 wall | det |
| 19 | strange | strange | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 wall | amod |
| 20 | wall | wall | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 is | parataxis |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 rock | case |
| 22 | grey | grey | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 rock | amod |
| 23 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 22 grey | punct |
| 24 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 rock | amod |
| 25 | lava | lava | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 rock | compound |
| 26 | rock | rock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 wall | nmod |
| 27 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 29 call | obj |
| 28 | Europeans | European | PROPN | Number=Plur | 29 call | nsubj |
| 29 | call | call | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 rock | acl:relcl |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 Causeway | det |
| 31 | Giant | giant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 Causeway | amod |
| 32 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 31 Giant | case |
| 33 | Causeway | Causeway | PROPN | Number=Sing | 29 call | xcomp |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 Maoris | cc |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 Maoris | det |
| 36 | Maoris | Maoris | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 Causeway | conj |
| 37 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 39 Fire | punct |
| 38 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 Fire | det |
| 39 | Fire | Fire | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 Maoris | appos |
| 40 | of | of | ADP | _ | 41 Tamatea | case |
| 41 | Tamatea | Tamatea | PROPN | Number=Sing | 39 Fire | nmod |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 ” | punct |
| 43 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 20 wall | punct |
| 44 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 45 protrudes | nsubj |
| 45 | protrudes | protrude | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 wall | parataxis |
| 46 | from | from | ADP | _ | 48 hilltop | case |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 hilltop | det |
| 48 | hilltop | hilltop | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 protrudes | obl |
| 49 | just | just | ADV | _ | 51 Rapaki | advmod |
| 50 | above | above | ADP | _ | 51 Rapaki | case |
| 51 | Rapaki | Rapaki | PROPN | Number=Sing | 45 protrudes | obl |
| 52 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 57 seen | punct |
| 53 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 57 seen | cc |
| 54 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 57 seen | nsubj:pass |
| 55 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 57 seen | aux |
| 56 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 57 seen | aux:pass |
| 57 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 45 protrudes | advcl |
| 58 | again | again | ADV | _ | 57 seen | advmod |
| 59 | on | on | ADP | _ | 62 side | case |
| 60 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 62 side | det |
| 61 | far | far | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 62 side | amod |
| 62 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 57 seen | obl |
| 63 | of | of | ADP | _ | 65 harbour | case |
| 64 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 65 harbour | det |
| 65 | harbour | harbour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 62 side | nmod |
| 66 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 69 dyke | punct |
| 67 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 69 dyke | det |
| 68 | volcanic | volcanic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 69 dyke | amod |
| 69 | dyke | dyke | NOUN | Number=Sing | 62 side | conj |
| 70 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 73 people | mark |
| 71 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 73 people | det |
| 72 | ancient | ancient | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 73 people | amod |
| 73 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 69 dyke | appos |
| 74 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 78 perception | punct |
| 75 | with | with | ADP | _ | 78 perception | case |
| 76 | surely | surely | ADV | _ | 78 perception | advmod |
| 77 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 78 perception | det |
| 78 | perception | perception | NOUN | Number=Sing | 73 people | nmod |
| 79 | of | of | ADP | _ | 81 truth | case |
| 80 | geological | geological | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 81 truth | amod |
| 81 | truth | truth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 78 perception | nmod |
| 82 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 83 connected | punct |
| 83 | connected | connect | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 73 people | acl |
| 84 | in | in | ADP | _ | 86 legends | case |
| 85 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 86 legends | nmod:poss |
| 86 | legends | legend | NOUN | Number=Plur | 83 connected | obl |
| 87 | with | with | ADP | _ | 90 fires | case |
| 88 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 90 fires | det |
| 89 | internal | internal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 90 fires | amod |
| 90 | fires | fire | NOUN | Number=Plur | 86 legends | nmod |
| 91 | of | of | ADP | _ | 94 Island | case |
| 92 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 94 Island | det |
| 93 | North | North | PROPN | Number=Sing | 94 Island | compound |
| 94 | Island | Island | PROPN | Number=Sing | 90 fires | nmod |
| 95 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 is | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | be | present | a interesting specimen of vulcanism in New Zealand for example | there | the strange wall of grey white lava rock parataxis; hardly property | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 2 | call | present | Europeans | grey white lava rock | the Giant Causeway and the Maoris xcomp | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent which=Recipient | |||
| 3 | protrude | present | the strange wall of grey white lava rock | the hilltop | above Rapaki | vn spatial_configuration-47.6 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme above rapaki=Location | |||
| 4 | see | may · passive | the far side of the harbour and a volcanic dyke | again | which nsubj:pass | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus | |||
| 5 | connect | participle | the ancient people with some perception of geological truth not said here | Europeans's legends with the internal fires of the North Island | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 6 | perceive | geological truth | nom perception «cognition transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 7 | fire | the North Island | nom fire «event transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/9/11/