Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Story of the Rocks., sentence 12
Along the craggy hill faces again, and particularly well in such places as Redcliffs and the Sumner end of the range, it is easy to read the history of the rocks in the alternate strata of solid volcanic rock and the soft rubble that seems almost to glow again with the olden fires.
Who acts: soft rubble · What happens: be, read, seem, glow · To what, where: history, alternate strata
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Story of the Rocks.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (soft rubble), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Along | along | ADP | _ | 5 faces | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 faces | det |
| 3 | craggy | craggy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 faces | amod |
| 4 | hill | hill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 faces | compound |
| 5 | faces | face | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 easy | obl |
| 6 | again | again | ADV | _ | 5 faces | advmod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 places | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 places | cc |
| 9 | particularly | particularly | ADV | _ | 13 places | advmod |
| 10 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 9 particularly | fixed |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 places | case |
| 12 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 places | amod |
| 13 | places | place | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 faces | conj |
| 14 | as | as | ADP | _ | 15 Redcliffs | case |
| 15 | Redcliffs | Redcliff | PROPN | Number=Plur | 13 places | nmod |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 end | cc |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 end | det |
| 18 | Sumner | Sumner | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 end | compound |
| 19 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 Redcliffs | conj |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 range | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 range | det |
| 22 | range | range | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 end | nmod |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 faces | punct |
| 24 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 easy | expl |
| 25 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 easy | cop |
| 26 | easy | easy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 27 | to | to | PART | _ | 28 read | mark |
| 28 | read | read | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 26 easy | xcomp |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 history | det |
| 30 | history | history | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 read | obj |
| 31 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 rocks | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 rocks | det |
| 33 | rocks | rock | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 history | nmod |
| 34 | in | in | ADP | _ | 37 strata | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 strata | det |
| 36 | alternate | alternate | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 strata | amod |
| 37 | strata | strata | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 read | obl |
| 38 | of | of | ADP | _ | 41 rock | case |
| 39 | solid | solid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 rock | amod |
| 40 | volcanic | volcanic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 rock | amod |
| 41 | rock | rock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 strata | nmod |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 45 rubble | cc |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 rubble | det |
| 44 | soft | soft | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 rubble | amod |
| 45 | rubble | rubble | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 rock | conj |
| 46 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 47 seems | nsubj |
| 47 | seems | seem | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 45 rubble | acl:relcl |
| 48 | almost | almost | ADV | _ | 50 glow | advmod |
| 49 | to | to | PART | _ | 50 glow | mark |
| 50 | glow | glow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 47 seems | xcomp |
| 51 | again | again | ADV | _ | 50 glow | advmod |
| 52 | with | with | ADP | _ | 55 fires | case |
| 53 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 55 fires | det |
| 54 | olden | olden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 55 fires | amod |
| 55 | fires | fire | NOUN | Number=Plur | 50 glow | obl |
| 56 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 26 easy | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | along the craggy hill faces and such places as Redcliffs and the Sumner end of the range; easy property | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | read | to-infinitive | the history of the rocks | the alternate strata of solid volcanic rock and the soft rubble | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent history=Topic | ||||
| 3 | seem | present | the soft rubble | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute | |||||
| 4 | glow | to-infinitive | the soft rubble not said here | again | with the olden fires; almost property | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with fire=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/9/12/