Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Story of the Rocks., sentence 16
Above Corsair Bay and Cass Bay there is a group of bold rocky peaks which, as the traveller passes onward from Lyttelton, is seen to curve inward in a huge half-cup, open to the south, and down this open side are strewn the disorderly remains of the old lava stream which flowed from the core of the volcano and which ran out into the harbour at Cass Bay in a tumbled black reef.
Who acts: group, bold rocky peaks, old lava stream · What happens: be, pass, see, curve, open, flow · To what, where: Corsair Bay, Lyttelton, huge half cup, south, core, harbour
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Story of the Rocks.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (group, bold rocky peaks, old lava stream), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Above | above | ADP | _ | 3 Bay | case |
| 2 | Corsair | Corsair | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Bay | compound |
| 3 | Bay | Bay | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 is | obl |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 Bay | cc |
| 5 | Cass | Cass | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 Bay | compound |
| 6 | Bay | Bay | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Bay | conj |
| 7 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 8 is | expl |
| 8 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 group | det |
| 10 | group | group | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 is | nsubj |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 peaks | case |
| 12 | bold | bold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 peaks | amod |
| 13 | rocky | rocky | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 peaks | amod |
| 14 | peaks | peak | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 group | nmod |
| 15 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 20 passes | nsubj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 passes | punct |
| 17 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 20 passes | mark |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 traveller | det |
| 19 | traveller | traveller | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 passes | nsubj |
| 20 | passes | pass | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 peaks | acl:relcl |
| 21 | onward | onward | ADV | _ | 20 passes | advmod |
| 22 | from | from | ADP | _ | 23 Lyttelton | case |
| 23 | Lyttelton | Lyttelton | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 passes | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 seen | punct |
| 25 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 seen | aux:pass |
| 26 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 is | conj |
| 27 | to | to | PART | _ | 28 curve | mark |
| 28 | curve | curve | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 26 seen | xcomp |
| 29 | inward | inward | ADV | Degree=Pos | 28 curve | advmod |
| 30 | in | in | ADP | _ | 35 cup | case |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 cup | det |
| 32 | huge | huge | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 cup | amod |
| 33 | half | half | NOUN | Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac | 35 cup | compound |
| 34 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 33 half | punct |
| 35 | cup | cup | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 curve | obl |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 open | punct |
| 37 | open | open | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 curve | conj |
| 38 | to | to | ADP | _ | 40 south | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 south | det |
| 40 | south | south | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 open | obl |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 48 strewn | punct |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 48 strewn | cc |
| 43 | down | down | ADP | _ | 46 side | case |
| 44 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 46 side | det |
| 45 | open | open | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 side | amod |
| 46 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 strewn | obl |
| 47 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 48 strewn | cop |
| 48 | strewn | strewn | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 curve | parataxis |
| 49 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 51 remains | det |
| 50 | disorderly | disorderly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 51 remains | amod |
| 51 | remains | remains | NOUN | Number=Ptan | 48 strewn | appos |
| 52 | of | of | ADP | _ | 56 stream | case |
| 53 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 56 stream | det |
| 54 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 56 stream | amod |
| 55 | lava | lava | NOUN | Number=Sing | 56 stream | compound |
| 56 | stream | stream | NOUN | Number=Sing | 51 remains | nmod |
| 57 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 58 flowed | nsubj |
| 58 | flowed | flow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 56 stream | acl:relcl |
| 59 | from | from | ADP | _ | 61 core | case |
| 60 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 61 core | det |
| 61 | core | core | NOUN | Number=Sing | 58 flowed | obl |
| 62 | of | of | ADP | _ | 64 volcano | case |
| 63 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 64 volcano | det |
| 64 | volcano | volcano | NOUN | Number=Sing | 61 core | nmod |
| 65 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 67 ran | cc |
| 66 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 67 ran | nsubj |
| 67 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 58 flowed | conj |
| 68 | out | out | ADP | _ | 67 ran | compound:prt |
| 69 | into | into | ADP | _ | 71 harbour | case |
| 70 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 71 harbour | det |
| 71 | harbour | harbour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 67 ran | obl |
| 72 | at | at | ADP | _ | 74 Bay | case |
| 73 | Cass | Cass | PROPN | Number=Sing | 74 Bay | compound |
| 74 | Bay | Bay | PROPN | Number=Sing | 71 harbour | nmod |
| 75 | in | in | ADP | _ | 79 reef | case |
| 76 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 79 reef | det |
| 77 | tumbled | tumble | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 79 reef | amod |
| 78 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 79 reef | amod |
| 79 | reef | reef | NOUN | Number=Sing | 67 ran | obl |
| 80 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 is | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | be | present | a group of bold rocky peaks | Corsair Bay and Cass Bay; there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme above bay=Location | ||||
| 2 | pass | present | bold rocky peaks | Lyttelton | the traveller nsubj; onward property | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from lyttelton=Initial_Location | |||
| 3 | see | present · passive | a group of bold rocky peaks not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 4 | curve | to-infinitive | a group of bold rocky peaks not said here | a huge half cup | inward property | vn knead-26.5 «NP.material V PP.product»: agent=Material | |||
| 5 | open | infinitive | a group of bold rocky peaks not said here | the south | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to south=Recipient | ||||
| 6 | is | present | down this open side; the disorderly remains of the old lava stream appos; strewn property | tree rules | |||||
| 7 | flow | past | the old lava stream | the core of the volcano | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 8 | run out | past | into the harbour at Cass Bay result; in a tumbled black reef; which nsubj | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into harbour=Result | |||||
| 9 | tumble | participle | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/9/16/