Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Story of the Rocks., sentence 23
Here and there a little watercourse, its fountain-head waters dripping silently from some cool crevice in the rocks, all arboured over by the matted roofing of _kotukutuku_, twisty and witchy of branch, and _mahoe_ and glossy-green _karaka_ of the plenteous foliage.
Who acts: head waters, matted roofing · What happens: drip, arbour over, mat · To what, where: cool crevice, all
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Story of the Rocks.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (head waters, matted roofing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Here | here | ADV | PronType=Dem | root | root |
| 2 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 1 Here | cc |
| 3 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 1 Here | expl |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 watercourse | det |
| 5 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 watercourse | amod |
| 6 | watercourse | watercourse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Here | nsubj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 waters | punct |
| 8 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 waters | nmod:poss |
| 9 | fountain | fountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 head | compound |
| 10 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 9 fountain | punct |
| 11 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 waters | compound |
| 12 | waters | water | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 watercourse | appos |
| 13 | dripping | drip | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 12 waters | acl |
| 14 | silently | silently | ADV | _ | 13 dripping | advmod |
| 15 | from | from | ADP | _ | 18 crevice | case |
| 16 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 18 crevice | det |
| 17 | cool | cool | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 crevice | amod |
| 18 | crevice | crevice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 dripping | obl |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 rocks | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 rocks | det |
| 21 | rocks | rock | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 crevice | nmod |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 arboured | punct |
| 23 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 24 arboured | nsubj:pass |
| 24 | arboured | arbour | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 21 rocks | acl |
| 25 | over | over | ADP | _ | 24 arboured | compound:prt |
| 26 | by | by | ADP | _ | 29 roofing | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 roofing | det |
| 28 | matted | mat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 29 roofing | amod |
| 29 | roofing | roofing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 arboured | obl |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 kotukutuku | case |
| 31 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 30 of | punct |
| 32 | kotukutuku | kotukutuku | X | Foreign=Yes | 29 roofing | nmod |
| 33 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 24 arboured | punct |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 twisty | punct |
| 35 | twisty | twisty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 arboured | parataxis |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 witchy | cc |
| 37 | witchy | witchy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 twisty | conj |
| 38 | of | of | ADP | _ | 39 branch | case |
| 39 | branch | branch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 witchy | obl |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Here | punct |
| 41 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 mahoe | cc |
| 42 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 43 mahoe | punct |
| 43 | mahoe | mahoe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Here | conj |
| 44 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 1 Here | punct |
| 45 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 48 green | cc |
| 46 | glossy | glossy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 48 green | amod |
| 47 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 46 glossy | punct |
| 48 | green | green | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 1 Here | conj |
| 49 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 1 Here | punct |
| 50 | karaka | karaka | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Here | nsubj |
| 51 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 1 Here | punct |
| 52 | of | of | ADP | _ | 55 foliage | case |
| 53 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 55 foliage | det |
| 54 | plenteous | plenteous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 55 foliage | amod |
| 55 | foliage | foliage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Here | obl |
| 56 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Here | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | drip | gerund | watercourse's head waters not said here | some cool crevice in the rocks | silently property | vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP.theme V PP.source»: agent=Theme from crevice=Source | |||
| 2 | arbour over | participle · passive | the matted roofing of kotukutuku | all | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | mat | participle | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/9/23/