Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Story of the Rocks., sentence 22

All along the fire-fused line of these Summit Peaks from the Lighthouse to the Seven Sleepers and beyond there are amazingly bold bits of rock and cliff scenery--abrupt escarpments like huge redoubt walls, bearded with mountain flax, and flakey from the attack of ages of winter frosts; straight smooth cleavages that seem almost artificial, so sharply and finely are they worked by Nature, the great sculptor; rounded buttresses like enormous pillars shoring up the mountain side; caves here and there, old bubbles in the molten lava, caves that might have sheltered some cannibal highwayman in the days of stone club and face-tattoo; strangely shapen projections of the cliff-edge, some remindful of animal forms; tomahawk faces of grey storm-beaten rhyolite dipping down into the green arms of the little woods where the _tui’s_ rich echoing “bing-bong” and gurgling chuckle are still heard in the shady depths when the bush fruits are ripe.

Who acts: straight smooth cleavages, ages, enormous pillars, grey beaten rhyolite, bush fruits · What happens: fuse, be, beard, seem, round, shore up · To what, where: bold bits, huge redoubt walls, mountain side, molten lava, green arms, bing bong

This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Story of the Rocks.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (straight smooth cleavages, ages, enormous pillars, grey beaten rhyolite), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	All	all	ADV	_	7 line	advmod
2	along	along	ADP	_	7 line	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 line	det
4	fire	fire	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 fused	compound
5	-	-	PUNCT	_	4 fire	punct
6	fused	fuse	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 line	amod
7	line	line	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	of	of	ADP	_	11 Peaks	case
9	these	this	DET	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	11 Peaks	det
10	Summit	Summit	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 Peaks	compound
11	Peaks	Peak	PROPN	Number=Plur	7 line	nmod
12	from	from	ADP	_	14 Lighthouse	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 Lighthouse	det
14	Lighthouse	lighthouse	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 Peaks	nmod
15	to	to	ADP	_	18 Sleepers	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 Sleepers	det
17	Seven	seven	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	18 Sleepers	nummod
18	Sleepers	Sleeper	PROPN	Number=Plur	14 Lighthouse	nmod
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 bits	cc
20	beyond	beyond	ADP	_	22 are	mark
21	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	22 are	expl
22	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	25 bits	cop
23	amazingly	amazingly	ADV	_	24 bold	advmod
24	bold	bold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 bits	amod
25	bits	bit	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 Sleepers	conj
26	of	of	ADP	_	27 rock	case
27	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 bits	nmod
28	and	and	CCONJ	_	30 scenery	cc
29	cliff	cliff	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 scenery	compound
30	scenery	scenery	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 rock	conj
31	--	--	PUNCT	_	33 escarpments	punct
32	abrupt	abrupt	ADJ	Degree=Pos	33 escarpments	amod
33	escarpments	escarpment	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 Sleepers	nmod
34	like	like	ADP	_	37 walls	case
35	huge	huge	ADJ	Degree=Pos	37 walls	amod
36	redoubt	redoubt	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 walls	compound
37	walls	wall	NOUN	Number=Plur	33 escarpments	nmod
38	,	,	PUNCT	_	39 bearded	punct
39	bearded	beard	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	37 walls	acl
40	with	with	ADP	_	42 flax	case
41	mountain	mountain	NOUN	Number=Sing	42 flax	compound
42	flax	flax	NOUN	Number=Sing	39 bearded	obl
43	,	,	PUNCT	_	45 flakey	punct
44	and	and	CCONJ	_	45 flakey	cc
45	flakey	flakey	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 Peaks	conj
46	from	from	ADP	_	48 attack	case
47	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	48 attack	det
48	attack	attack	NOUN	Number=Sing	45 flakey	obl
49	of	of	ADP	_	50 ages	case
50	ages	age	NOUN	Number=Plur	48 attack	nmod
51	of	of	ADP	_	53 frosts	case
52	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	53 frosts	compound
53	frosts	frost	NOUN	Number=Plur	50 ages	nmod
54	;	;	PUNCT	_	57 cleavages	punct
55	straight	straight	ADJ	Degree=Pos	57 cleavages	amod
56	smooth	smooth	ADJ	Degree=Pos	57 cleavages	amod
57	cleavages	cleavage	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 line	nmod
58	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	59 seem	nsubj
59	seem	seem	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	57 cleavages	acl:relcl
60	almost	almost	ADV	_	61 artificial	advmod
61	artificial	artificial	ADJ	Degree=Pos	59 seem	xcomp
62	,	,	PUNCT	_	64 sharply	punct
63	so	so	ADV	_	64 sharply	advmod
64	sharply	sharply	ADV	_	57 cleavages	advmod
65	and	and	CCONJ	_	66 finely	cc
66	finely	finely	ADV	_	64 sharply	conj
67	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	69 worked	cop
68	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	69 worked	nsubj
69	worked	work	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	57 cleavages	advcl:relcl
70	by	by	ADP	_	71 Nature	case
71	Nature	Nature	PROPN	Number=Sing	69 worked	obl
72	,	,	PUNCT	_	75 sculptor	punct
73	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	75 sculptor	det
74	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	75 sculptor	amod
75	sculptor	sculptor	NOUN	Number=Sing	71 Nature	appos
76	;	;	PUNCT	_	78 buttresses	punct
77	rounded	round	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	78 buttresses	amod
78	buttresses	buttress	NOUN	Number=Plur	75 sculptor	conj
79	like	like	ADP	_	81 pillars	case
80	enormous	enormous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	81 pillars	amod
81	pillars	pillar	NOUN	Number=Plur	78 buttresses	nmod
82	shoring	shore	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	81 pillars	acl
83	up	up	ADP	_	82 shoring	compound:prt
84	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	86 side	det
85	mountain	mountain	NOUN	Number=Sing	86 side	compound
86	side	side	NOUN	Number=Sing	82 shoring	obj
87	;	;	PUNCT	_	88 caves	punct
88	caves	cave	NOUN	Number=Plur	75 sculptor	appos
89	here	here	ADV	PronType=Dem	88 caves	advmod
90	and	and	CCONJ	_	91 there	cc
91	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	89 here	conj
92	,	,	PUNCT	_	94 bubbles	punct
93	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	94 bubbles	amod
94	bubbles	bubble	NOUN	Number=Plur	88 caves	conj
95	in	in	ADP	_	98 lava	case
96	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	98 lava	det
97	molten	molten	ADJ	Degree=Pos	98 lava	amod
98	lava	lava	NOUN	Number=Sing	94 bubbles	nmod
99	,	,	PUNCT	_	100 caves	punct
100	caves	cave	NOUN	Number=Plur	98 lava	conj
101	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	104 sheltered	nsubj:pass
102	might	might	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	104 sheltered	aux
103	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	104 sheltered	aux
104	sheltered	shelter	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	98 lava	acl:relcl
105	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	107 highwayman	det
106	cannibal	cannibal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	107 highwayman	amod
107	highwayman	highwayman	NOUN	Number=Sing	104 sheltered	obj
108	in	in	ADP	_	110 days	case
109	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	110 days	det
110	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	107 highwayman	nmod
111	of	of	ADP	_	113 club	case
112	stone	stone	NOUN	Number=Sing	113 club	compound
113	club	club	NOUN	Number=Sing	110 days	nmod
114	and	and	CCONJ	_	117 tattoo	cc
115	face	face	NOUN	Number=Sing	117 tattoo	compound
116	-	-	PUNCT	_	115 face	punct
117	tattoo	tattoo	NOUN	Number=Sing	113 club	conj
118	;	;	PUNCT	_	121 projections	punct
119	strangely	strangely	ADV	_	120 shapen	advmod
120	shapen	shapen	ADJ	Degree=Pos	121 projections	amod
121	projections	projection	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 line	conj
122	of	of	ADP	_	126 edge	case
123	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	126 edge	det
124	cliff	cliff	NOUN	Number=Sing	126 edge	compound
125	-	-	PUNCT	_	124 cliff	punct
126	edge	edge	NOUN	Number=Sing	121 projections	nmod
127	,	,	PUNCT	_	129 remindful	punct
128	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	129 remindful	det
129	remindful	remindful	NOUN	Number=Sing	121 projections	conj
130	of	of	ADP	_	132 forms	case
131	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	132 forms	compound
132	forms	form	NOUN	Number=Plur	129 remindful	nmod
133	;	;	PUNCT	_	135 faces	punct
134	tomahawk	tomahawk	NOUN	Number=Sing	135 faces	compound
135	faces	face	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 line	nmod
136	of	of	ADP	_	141 rhyolite	case
137	grey	grey	ADJ	Degree=Pos	141 rhyolite	amod
138	storm	storm	NOUN	Number=Sing	140 beaten	compound
139	-	-	PUNCT	_	138 storm	punct
140	beaten	beat	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	141 rhyolite	amod
141	rhyolite	rhyolite	NOUN	Number=Sing	135 faces	nmod
142	dipping	dip	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	141 rhyolite	acl
143	down	down	ADV	_	142 dipping	advmod
144	into	into	ADP	_	147 arms	case
145	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	147 arms	det
146	green	green	ADJ	Degree=Pos	147 arms	amod
147	arms	arm	NOUN	Number=Plur	142 dipping	obl
148	of	of	ADP	_	151 woods	case
149	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	151 woods	det
150	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	151 woods	amod
151	woods	wood	NOUN	Number=Plur	147 arms	nmod
152	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	170 heard	advmod
153	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	155 tui	det
154	_	_	PUNCT	_	155 tui	punct
155	tui	tui	NOUN	Number=Sing	170 heard	nmod:poss
156	’s	's	PART	_	155 tui	case
157	_	_	PUNCT	_	158 rich	punct
158	rich	rich	ADJ	Degree=Pos	170 heard	parataxis
159	echoing	echo	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	158 rich	advcl
160	“	"	PUNCT	_	163 bong	punct
161	bing	bing	NOUN	Number=Sing	163 bong	compound
162	-	-	PUNCT	_	163 bong	punct
163	bong	bong	NOUN	Number=Sing	159 echoing	obj
164	”	"	PUNCT	_	163 bong	punct
165	and	and	CCONJ	_	166 gurgling	cc
166	gurgling	gurgle	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	159 echoing	conj
167	chuckle	chuckle	NOUN	Number=Sing	166 gurgling	obj
168	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	170 heard	aux:pass
169	still	still	ADV	_	170 heard	advmod
170	heard	hear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	151 woods	acl:relcl
171	in	in	ADP	_	174 depths	case
172	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	174 depths	det
173	shady	shady	ADJ	Degree=Pos	174 depths	amod
174	depths	depth	NOUN	Number=Plur	170 heard	obl
175	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	180 ripe	advmod
176	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	178 fruits	det
177	bush	bush	NOUN	Number=Sing	178 fruits	compound
178	fruits	fruit	NOUN	Number=Plur	180 ripe	nsubj
179	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	180 ripe	cop
180	ripe	ripe	ADJ	Degree=Pos	170 heard	advcl
181	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 line	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fuse	participle					fire compound	vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
2	is a	present		bold bits			of rock and cliff scenery	tree rules
3	beard	participle		huge redoubt walls not said here			with mountain flax	vn pit-10.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
4	seem	present	straight smooth cleavages				artificial property	vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme
5	is	present	ages = age				by Nature; work property	tree rules
6	round	participle						vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
7	shore up	gerund	enormous pillars not said here	the mountain side				tree rules
8	shelter	might · perfect · passive		the molten lava and caves			some cannibal highwayman obj	tree rules
9	beat	participle					storm compound	vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
10	dip down	gerund	grey beaten rhyolite not said here		the green arms of the little woods		down property	vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into arm=Location
11	echo	gerund		bing bong				vn sound_existence-47.4 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location bong=Theme
12	gurgle	gerund		chuckle				vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location chuckle=Theme
13	hear	present · passive			the shady depths	still	the tui nmod:poss	vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»
14	is	present	the bush fruits				ripe property	tree rules
16	attack			ages of winter frosts				nom attack «act transitive»: of=patient
17	project			the cliff edge				nom projection «cognition transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/9/22/

🌲 Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Story of the Rocks., sentence 22

The tree

Pragmatics

Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Story of the Rocks., sentence 22