Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Story of the Rocks., sentence 21
Such bold crags are “the eyebrows of the hills”; they give what would otherwise be tame landscapes dignity and force and wildness, and an exploration of these fastnesses of Nature so near our doors, and opened up by the Summit Road, is not merely pleasurable, but is fruitful in an intelligent appreciation of the amazing forces which helped to mould the land in which we live.
Who acts: Such bold crags, crags, amazing forces, we · What happens: be, give, open up, not be, help, live · To what, where: eyebrows, doors, tame landscapes, intelligent appreciation, mould, land · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Story of the Rocks.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Such bold crags, crags, amazing forces, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 crags | amod |
| 2 | bold | bold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 crags | amod |
| 3 | crags | crag | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 eyebrows | nsubj |
| 4 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 eyebrows | cop |
| 5 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 eyebrows | punct |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 eyebrows | det |
| 7 | eyebrows | eyebrow | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 hills | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 hills | det |
| 10 | hills | hill | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 eyebrows | nmod |
| 11 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 eyebrows | punct |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 14 give | punct |
| 13 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 give | nsubj |
| 14 | give | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 eyebrows | parataxis |
| 15 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 14 give | obj |
| 16 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 15 what | aux |
| 17 | otherwise | otherwise | ADV | _ | 20 landscapes | advmod |
| 18 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 20 landscapes | cop |
| 19 | tame | tame | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 landscapes | amod |
| 20 | landscapes | landscape | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 would | nsubj |
| 21 | dignity | dignity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 landscapes | appos |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 force | cc |
| 23 | force | force | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 dignity | conj |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 wildness | cc |
| 25 | wildness | wildness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 dignity | conj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 exploration | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 exploration | cc |
| 28 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 exploration | det |
| 29 | exploration | exploration | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 give | obl |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 fastnesses | case |
| 31 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 32 fastnesses | det |
| 32 | fastnesses | fastness | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 exploration | nmod |
| 33 | of | of | ADP | _ | 34 Nature | case |
| 34 | Nature | Nature | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 fastnesses | nmod |
| 35 | so | so | ADV | _ | 38 doors | advmod |
| 36 | near | near | ADP | _ | 38 doors | case |
| 37 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 38 doors | nmod:poss |
| 38 | doors | door | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 give | obl |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 opened | punct |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 opened | cc |
| 41 | opened | open | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 give | parataxis |
| 42 | up | up | ADP | _ | 41 opened | compound:prt |
| 43 | by | by | ADP | _ | 46 Road | case |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 Road | det |
| 45 | Summit | Summit | PROPN | Number=Sing | 46 Road | compound |
| 46 | Road | Road | PROPN | Number=Sing | 41 opened | obl |
| 47 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 51 pleasurable | punct |
| 48 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 51 pleasurable | cop |
| 49 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 51 pleasurable | advmod |
| 50 | merely | merely | ADV | _ | 51 pleasurable | advmod |
| 51 | pleasurable | pleasurable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 opened | conj |
| 52 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 55 fruitful | punct |
| 53 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 55 fruitful | cc |
| 54 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 55 fruitful | cop |
| 55 | fruitful | fruitful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 51 pleasurable | conj |
| 56 | in | in | ADP | _ | 59 appreciation | case |
| 57 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 59 appreciation | det |
| 58 | intelligent | intelligent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 59 appreciation | amod |
| 59 | appreciation | appreciation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 55 fruitful | obl |
| 60 | of | of | ADP | _ | 63 forces | case |
| 61 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 63 forces | det |
| 62 | amazing | amazing | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 63 forces | amod |
| 63 | forces | force | NOUN | Number=Plur | 59 appreciation | nmod |
| 64 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 65 helped | nsubj |
| 65 | helped | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 63 forces | acl:relcl |
| 66 | to | to | PART | _ | 67 mould | mark |
| 67 | mould | mould | NOUN | Number=Sing | 65 helped | obj |
| 68 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 69 land | det |
| 69 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 65 helped | obj |
| 70 | in | in | ADP | _ | 71 which | case |
| 71 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 73 live | obl |
| 72 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 73 live | nsubj |
| 73 | live | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 69 land | acl:relcl |
| 74 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 eyebrows | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a in a quote | present | Such bold crags | the eyebrows | of the hills | tree rules | |||
| 2 | give | present | crags = crag | the eyebrows | our doors | a exploration of this fastnesses of Nature obl | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Theme | ||
| 3 | is a | infinitive | tame landscapes | dignity and force and wildness appos; otherwise property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | open up | participle | by the Summit Road | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | not is | present | merely, pleasurable property | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | is | present | a intelligent appreciation of the amazing forces | fruitful property | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | help | past | the amazing forces | mould | the land obj | tree rules | |||
| 8 | live | present | we | the land | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in which=Location | ||||
| 9 | explore | this fastnesses of Nature | nom exploration «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/9/21/