The grateful elephant, Opening, part 1, sentence 238
In the course of time it came to be believed that Gotama had become Buddha as the fruit of good deeds performed in countless previous states of existence, especially deeds of generosity.
Who acts: course, Gotama · What happens: come, believe, become, perform · To what, where: course, good deeds, countless previous states
This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (course, Gotama), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 course | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 course | det |
| 3 | course | course | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 came | obl |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 time | case |
| 5 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 came | obl |
| 6 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 came | nsubj |
| 7 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 10 believed | mark |
| 9 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 10 believed | aux:pass |
| 10 | believed | believe | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 came | advcl |
| 11 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 14 become | mark |
| 12 | Gotama | Gotama | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 become | nsubj |
| 13 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 become | aux |
| 14 | become | become | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 10 believed | xcomp |
| 15 | Buddha | Buddha | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 become | xcomp |
| 16 | as | as | ADP | _ | 18 fruit | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 fruit | det |
| 18 | fruit | fruit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 become | obl |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 deeds | case |
| 20 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 deeds | amod |
| 21 | deeds | deed | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 fruit | nmod |
| 22 | performed | perform | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 21 deeds | acl |
| 23 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 states | case |
| 24 | countless | countless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 states | amod |
| 25 | previous | previous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 states | amod |
| 26 | states | state | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 performed | obl |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 existence | case |
| 28 | existence | existence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 states | nmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 deeds | punct |
| 30 | especially | especially | ADV | _ | 31 deeds | advmod |
| 31 | deeds | deed | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 existence | conj |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 generosity | case |
| 33 | generosity | generosity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 deeds | nmod |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 came | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past | course | the course | time | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in course=Location | |||
| 2 | believe | to-infinitive · passive | course not said here | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 3 | become | past · perfect | Gotama | as the fruit of good deeds; Buddha xcomp | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 4 | perform | participle | good deeds not said here | countless previous states of existence and deeds of generosity | vn performance-26.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/1/238/