The grateful elephant, Opening, part 1, sentence 239
At any time, had he so desired, he might have uprooted craving for worldly pleasures and life and riches by meditation, and thus have escaped the sufferings of repeated states of existence.
Who acts: time, Gotama, repeated states · What happens: have, desire, uproot, crave, escape, repeat · To what, where: sufferings
This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (time, Gotama, repeated states), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | At | at | ADP | _ | 3 time | case |
| 2 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 3 time | det |
| 3 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 uprooted | obl |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 time | punct |
| 5 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 time | acl:relcl |
| 6 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 desired | nsubj |
| 7 | so | so | ADV | _ | 8 desired | advmod |
| 8 | desired | desire | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 had | ccomp |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 time | punct |
| 10 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 uprooted | nsubj |
| 11 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 13 uprooted | aux |
| 12 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 13 uprooted | aux |
| 13 | uprooted | uproot | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 14 | craving | crave | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 13 uprooted | xcomp |
| 15 | for | for | ADP | _ | 17 pleasures | case |
| 16 | worldly | worldly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 pleasures | amod |
| 17 | pleasures | pleasure | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 craving | obl |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 life | cc |
| 19 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 pleasures | conj |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 riches | cc |
| 21 | riches | rich | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 pleasures | conj |
| 22 | by | by | ADP | _ | 23 meditation | case |
| 23 | meditation | meditation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 craving | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 escaped | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 escaped | cc |
| 26 | thus | thus | ADV | _ | 28 escaped | advmod |
| 27 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 escaped | aux |
| 28 | escaped | escape | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 13 uprooted | parataxis |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 sufferings | det |
| 30 | sufferings | suffering | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 escaped | obj |
| 31 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 states | case |
| 32 | repeated | repeat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 33 states | amod |
| 33 | states | state | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 sufferings | nmod |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 existence | case |
| 35 | existence | existence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 states | nmod |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 uprooted | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | past | any time not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | desire | past | Gotama | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot | |||||
| 3 | uproot | might · perfect | Gotama | time | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | crave | gerund | Gotama not said here | for worldly pleasures and life and riches; by meditation | vn long-32.2 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Pivot for pleasure=Theme | ||||
| 5 | escape | present · perfect | the sufferings of repeated states of existence | thus property | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme suffering=Initial_Location | ||||
| 6 | repeat | participle | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | ||||||
| 7 | suffer | repeated states of existence | nom suffering «state intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/1/239/