The grateful elephant, Opening, part 12, sentence 46
Having so said, he spoke once more, to bid them meditate on the virtues of the Three Jewels.
Who acts: friendship ’ · What happens: have, say, speak, bid, meditate · To what, where: beings · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 12. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (friendship ’), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Having | have | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 6 spoke | advcl |
| 2 | so | so | ADV | _ | 3 said | advmod |
| 3 | said | say | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 1 Having | acl |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Having | punct |
| 5 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 spoke | nsubj |
| 6 | spoke | speak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 8 more | advmod |
| 8 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 6 spoke | advmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 bid | punct |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 bid | mark |
| 11 | bid | bid | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 spoke | conj |
| 12 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 bid | obj |
| 13 | meditate | meditate | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 bid | xcomp |
| 14 | on | on | ADP | _ | 16 virtues | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 virtues | det |
| 16 | virtues | virtue | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 meditate | obl |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 Jewels | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 Jewels | det |
| 19 | Three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 20 Jewels | nummod |
| 20 | Jewels | jewel | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 virtues | nmod |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 spoke | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | gerund | friendship ’ = ' not said here | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | participle | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | speak speech: other | past | friendship ’ = ' | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | bid | to-infinitive | friendship ’ = ' not said here | beings = being | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | meditate | infinitive | friendship ’ = ' not said here | on the virtues of the Three Jewels | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent on virtue=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/12/46/