The grateful elephant, Opening, part 13, sentence 62
Said he to his son who sat beside him: “Son, a mosquito is stinging me on the head,--it feels just as if he were sticking me with a spear!
Who acts: mosquito, son, it · What happens: say, sit, sting, feel, stick · To what, where: son, mosquito · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 13. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mosquito, son, it), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 1 Said | nsubj |
| 3 | to | to | ADP | _ | 5 son | case |
| 4 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 son | nmod:poss |
| 5 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Said | obl |
| 6 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 sat | nsubj |
| 7 | sat | sit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 son | acl:relcl |
| 8 | beside | beside | ADP | _ | 9 him | case |
| 9 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 sat | obl |
| 10 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 17 stinging | punct |
| 11 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 17 stinging | punct |
| 12 | Son | Son | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 stinging | nsubj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 mosquito | punct |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 mosquito | det |
| 15 | mosquito | mosquito | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 Son | appos |
| 16 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 stinging | aux |
| 17 | stinging | sting | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 1 Said | ccomp |
| 18 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 17 stinging | obj |
| 19 | on | on | ADP | _ | 21 head | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 head | det |
| 21 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 stinging | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 feels | punct |
| 23 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 25 feels | punct |
| 24 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 feels | nsubj |
| 25 | feels | feel | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 stinging | parataxis |
| 26 | just | just | ADV | _ | 31 sticking | advmod |
| 27 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 31 sticking | mark |
| 28 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 31 sticking | mark |
| 29 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 sticking | nsubj |
| 30 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 sticking | aux |
| 31 | sticking | stick | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 25 feels | advcl |
| 32 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 31 sticking | obj |
| 33 | with | with | ADP | _ | 35 spear | case |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 spear | det |
| 35 | spear | spear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 sticking | obl |
| 36 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 1 Said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: express | past | mosquito | mosquito's son | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to son=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | sit | past | mosquito's son | beside mosquito | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent beside he=Location | ||||
| 3 | sting in a quote | present · progressive | Son | mosquito | on the head | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP PP.theme PP.instrument»: agent=Agent i=Experiencer on head=Theme | |||
| 4 | feel in a quote | present | it | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | |||||
| 5 | stick in a quote | past · progressive | mosquito | mosquito | with a spear | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: agent=Agent i=Destination with spear=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/13/62/