The grateful elephant, Opening, part 14, sentence 120
When the second caravan-leader knew, “It is now a long time since that caravan started out,” he loaded his carts with abundant grass and sticks and water, and started his caravan forward.
Who acts: second caravan leader, caravan, leader · What happens: know, be, start out, load, stick, start · To what, where: long time, carts, water, caravan · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 14. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (second caravan leader, caravan, leader), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 7 knew | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 leader | det |
| 3 | second | second | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 6 leader | amod |
| 4 | caravan | caravan | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 leader | compound |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 4 caravan | punct |
| 6 | leader | leader | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 knew | nsubj |
| 7 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 loaded | advcl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 time | punct |
| 9 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 15 time | punct |
| 10 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 time | nsubj |
| 11 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 time | cop |
| 12 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 15 time | advmod |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 time | det |
| 14 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 time | amod |
| 15 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 knew | ccomp |
| 16 | since | since | SCONJ | _ | 19 started | mark |
| 17 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 18 caravan | det |
| 18 | caravan | caravan | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 started | nsubj |
| 19 | started | start | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 time | advcl |
| 20 | out | out | ADP | _ | 19 started | compound:prt |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 knew | punct |
| 22 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 knew | punct |
| 23 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 loaded | nsubj |
| 24 | loaded | load | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 25 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 carts | nmod:poss |
| 26 | carts | cart | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 loaded | obj |
| 27 | with | with | ADP | _ | 29 grass | case |
| 28 | abundant | abundant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 grass | amod |
| 29 | grass | grass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 loaded | obl |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 sticks | cc |
| 31 | sticks | stick | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 loaded | conj |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 water | cc |
| 33 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 sticks | obj |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 started | punct |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 started | cc |
| 36 | started | start | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 loaded | conj |
| 37 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 38 caravan | nmod:poss |
| 38 | caravan | caravan | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 started | obj |
| 39 | forward | forward | ADV | _ | 36 started | advmod |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 24 loaded | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | know | past | the second caravan leader | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 2 | is a in a quote | present | caravan | a long time | now | tree rules | |||
| 3 | start out in a quote | past | that caravan | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | |||||
| 4 | load | past | leader | leader's carts | with abundant grass | vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: agent=Agent cart=Destination with grass=Theme | |||
| 5 | stick | present | leader not said here | water | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent water=Theme | ||||
| 6 | start | past | leader not said here | leader's caravan | forward property | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent caravan=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/14/120/