The grateful elephant, Opening, part 15, sentence 74
Then, sending a drum around the camp, he assembled his men and spoke as follows: “Without first obtaining my permission, you must not use so much as a dribble of water.
Who acts: Buddha, you, my · What happens: send, assemble, speak, follow, obtain, not use · To what, where: drum, camp, men, permission, much, water · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 15. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Buddha, you, my), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 11 assembled | advmod |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Then | punct |
| 3 | sending | send | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 11 assembled | advcl |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 drum | det |
| 5 | drum | drum | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 sending | obj |
| 6 | around | around | ADP | _ | 8 camp | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 camp | det |
| 8 | camp | camp | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 sending | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 sending | punct |
| 10 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 assembled | nsubj |
| 11 | assembled | assemble | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 men | nmod:poss |
| 13 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 assembled | obj |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 spoke | cc |
| 15 | spoke | speak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 assembled | conj |
| 16 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 17 follows | mark |
| 17 | follows | follow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 spoke | advcl |
| 18 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 29 use | punct |
| 19 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 29 use | punct |
| 20 | Without | without | SCONJ | _ | 22 obtaining | mark |
| 21 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 22 obtaining | advmod |
| 22 | obtaining | obtain | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 29 use | advcl |
| 23 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 permission | nmod:poss |
| 24 | permission | permission | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 obtaining | obj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 obtaining | punct |
| 26 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 29 use | nsubj |
| 27 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 29 use | aux |
| 28 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 29 use | advmod |
| 29 | use | use | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 assembled | advcl |
| 30 | so | so | ADV | _ | 31 much | advmod |
| 31 | much | much | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 use | obj |
| 32 | as | as | ADP | _ | 34 dribble | case |
| 33 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 dribble | det |
| 34 | dribble | dribble | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 much | nmod |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 water | case |
| 36 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 dribble | nmod |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 assembled | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | send | gerund | Buddha not said here | a drum | the camp | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent drum=Theme | |||
| 2 | assemble | past | Buddha | Buddha's men | then | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent man=Theme | |||
| 3 | speak speech: other | past | Buddha not said here | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | follow | present | Buddha not said here | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | obtain in a quote | gerund | you not said here | my permission | first property | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset permission=Theme | |||
| 6 | not use in a quote | must | you | much | as a dribble of water | vn spend_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent much=Duration as dribble=Attribute | |||
| 7 | permit in a quote | my | nom permission «communication transitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 8 | dribble in a quote | water | nom dribble «event transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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