The grateful elephant, Opening, part 2, sentence 100
The illustration to Story 3, _Elephant and forester_, shows the Future Buddha, in the form of a pure white elephant, reclining like a cow, and willingly permitting the ungrateful forester to cut off his two tusks.
Who acts: illustration · What happens: show, recline, permit, cut off, form · To what, where: Future Buddha, ungrateful forester, two tusks, pure white elephant
This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (illustration), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 illustration | det |
| 2 | illustration | illustration | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 shows | nsubj |
| 3 | to | to | ADP | _ | 4 Story | case |
| 4 | Story | Story | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 illustration | nmod |
| 5 | 3 | 3 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 4 Story | flat |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 Elephant | punct |
| 7 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 8 Elephant | punct |
| 8 | Elephant | elephant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 illustration | appos |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 forester | cc |
| 10 | forester | forester | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 Elephant | conj |
| 11 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 8 Elephant | punct |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 illustration | punct |
| 13 | shows | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 Buddha | det |
| 15 | Future | Future | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 Buddha | compound |
| 16 | Buddha | Buddha | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 shows | obj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 form | punct |
| 18 | in | in | ADP | _ | 20 form | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 form | det |
| 20 | form | form | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 Buddha | appos |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 elephant | case |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 elephant | det |
| 23 | pure | pure | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 elephant | amod |
| 24 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 elephant | amod |
| 25 | elephant | elephant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 form | nmod |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 reclining | punct |
| 27 | reclining | recline | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 13 shows | conj |
| 28 | like | like | ADP | _ | 30 cow | case |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 cow | det |
| 30 | cow | cow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 reclining | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 permitting | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 permitting | cc |
| 33 | willingly | willingly | ADV | _ | 34 permitting | advmod |
| 34 | permitting | permit | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 27 reclining | conj |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 forester | det |
| 36 | ungrateful | ungrateful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 forester | amod |
| 37 | forester | forester | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 permitting | obj |
| 38 | to | to | PART | _ | 39 cut | mark |
| 39 | cut | cut | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 34 permitting | advcl |
| 40 | off | off | ADP | _ | 39 cut | compound:prt |
| 41 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 43 tusks | nmod:poss |
| 42 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 43 tusks | nummod |
| 43 | tusks | tusk | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 cut | obj |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 shows | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | show | present | the illustration to Story | the Future Buddha | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent buddha=Recipient | ||||
| 2 | recline | gerund | the illustration to Story not said here | like a cow | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | permit | gerund | the illustration to Story not said here | the ungrateful forester | willingly property | vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent forester=Theme | |||
| 4 | cut off | to-infinitive | the illustration to Story not said here | forester's two tusks | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector tusk=Eventuality | ||||
| 5 | form | a pure white elephant | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/2/100/