The grateful elephant, Opening, part 2, sentence 19
For example, as a generous elephant (3), he gives his tusks to an ungrateful forester who has betrayed him.
Who acts: Gotama, ungrateful forester · What happens: give, betray · To what, where: tusks, ungrateful forester, Gotama
This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gotama, ungrateful forester), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | For | for | ADP | _ | 2 example | case |
| 2 | example | example | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 gives | obl |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 example | punct |
| 4 | as | as | ADP | _ | 7 elephant | case |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 elephant | det |
| 6 | generous | generous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 elephant | amod |
| 7 | elephant | elephant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 example | nmod |
| 8 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 9 3 | punct |
| 9 | 3 | 3 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 7 elephant | appos |
| 10 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 9 3 | punct |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 example | punct |
| 12 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 gives | nsubj |
| 13 | gives | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 14 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 tusks | nmod:poss |
| 15 | tusks | tusk | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 gives | obj |
| 16 | to | to | ADP | _ | 19 forester | case |
| 17 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 forester | det |
| 18 | ungrateful | ungrateful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 forester | amod |
| 19 | forester | forester | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 gives | obl |
| 20 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 22 betrayed | nsubj |
| 21 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 betrayed | aux |
| 22 | betrayed | betray | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 19 forester | acl:relcl |
| 23 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 betrayed | obj |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 gives | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | present | Gotama | Gotama's tusks | a ungrateful forester | for example as a generous elephant | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.asset»: agent=Agent tusk=Theme for example=Asset to forester=Recipient | ||
| 2 | betray | present · perfect | a ungrateful forester | Gotama | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/2/19/