The grateful elephant, Opening, part 3, sentence 22
Said the Teacher to him: “Of a truth, monk, did you not, in a previous state of existence, by exerting yourself, get and give to a young prince no bigger than a piece of meat, dominion over the city of Benāres, a city twelve leagues in measure?”
Who acts: Teacher · What happens: say, not do, exert, get, give · To what, where: effort, previous state, city, young prince · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Teacher), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Teacher | det |
| 3 | Teacher | teacher | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Said | nsubj |
| 4 | to | to | ADP | _ | 5 him | case |
| 5 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 1 Said | obl |
| 6 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 14 did | punct |
| 7 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 did | punct |
| 8 | Of | of | ADP | _ | 10 truth | case |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 truth | det |
| 10 | truth | truth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 did | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 monk | punct |
| 12 | monk | monk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 truth | conj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 truth | punct |
| 14 | did | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 1 Said | conj |
| 15 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 14 did | obj |
| 16 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 14 did | advmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 state | punct |
| 18 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 state | case |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 state | det |
| 20 | previous | previous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 state | amod |
| 21 | state | state | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 did | obl |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 existence | case |
| 23 | existence | existence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 state | nmod |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 exerting | punct |
| 25 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 26 exerting | mark |
| 26 | exerting | exert | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 14 did | advcl |
| 27 | yourself | yourself | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 26 exerting | obj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 get | punct |
| 29 | get | get | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 26 exerting | advcl |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 give | cc |
| 31 | give | give | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 29 get | conj |
| 32 | to | to | ADP | _ | 35 prince | case |
| 33 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 prince | det |
| 34 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 prince | amod |
| 35 | prince | prince | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 give | obl |
| 36 | no | no | ADV | _ | 37 bigger | advmod |
| 37 | bigger | big | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 35 prince | amod |
| 38 | than | than | ADP | _ | 40 piece | case |
| 39 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 40 piece | det |
| 40 | piece | piece | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 bigger | obl |
| 41 | of | of | ADP | _ | 42 meat | case |
| 42 | meat | meat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 piece | nmod |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 dominion | punct |
| 44 | dominion | dominion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 exerting | obl |
| 45 | over | over | ADP | _ | 47 city | case |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 city | det |
| 47 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 exerting | obl |
| 48 | of | of | ADP | _ | 49 Benāres | case |
| 49 | Benāres | Benāres | PROPN | Number=Sing | 47 city | nmod |
| 50 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 52 city | punct |
| 51 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 52 city | det |
| 52 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 Benāres | appos |
| 53 | twelve | twelve | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 54 leagues | nummod |
| 54 | leagues | league | NOUN | Number=Plur | 52 city | nmod |
| 55 | in | in | ADP | _ | 56 measure | case |
| 56 | measure | measure | NOUN | Number=Sing | 54 leagues | nmod |
| 57 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 1 Said | punct |
| 58 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 1 Said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: ask | past | the Teacher | effort | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to he=Recipient | ||||
| 2 | not do in a quote | past | the Teacher not said here | effort | a previous state of existence | of a truth and monk | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Eventuality | ||
| 3 | exert in a quote | gerund | the Teacher not said here | effort | the city of Benāres | dominion obl | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent yourself=Theme | ||
| 4 | get in a quote | infinitive | the Teacher not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 5 | give in a quote | infinitive | the Teacher not said here | a young prince | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to prince=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/3/22/