The grateful elephant, Opening, part 4, sentence 65
Then the Future Buddha told them the whole story, saying: “I alone, by pulling this man out of a mighty flood, have brought suffering upon myself.
Who acts: Future Buddha · What happens: tell, say, pull, bring, suffer · To what, where: whole story, monk, man, mighty flood · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Future Buddha), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 5 told | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 Buddha | det |
| 3 | Future | Future | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 Buddha | compound |
| 4 | Buddha | Buddha | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 told | nsubj |
| 5 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 told | iobj |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 story | det |
| 8 | whole | whole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 story | amod |
| 9 | story | story | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 told | obj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 saying | punct |
| 11 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 5 told | advcl |
| 12 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 15 alone | punct |
| 13 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 15 alone | punct |
| 14 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 15 alone | nsubj |
| 15 | alone | alone | ADV | _ | 11 saying | ccomp |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 pulling | punct |
| 17 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 18 pulling | mark |
| 18 | pulling | pull | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 11 saying | conj |
| 19 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 20 man | det |
| 20 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 pulling | obj |
| 21 | out | out | ADP | _ | 25 flood | case |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 flood | case |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 flood | det |
| 24 | mighty | mighty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 flood | amod |
| 25 | flood | flood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 pulling | obl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 brought | punct |
| 27 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 brought | aux |
| 28 | brought | bring | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 5 told | parataxis |
| 29 | suffering | suffer | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 28 brought | xcomp |
| 30 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 31 myself | case |
| 31 | myself | myself | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 29 suffering | obl |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 told | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tell speech: assert | past | the Future Buddha | the whole story | monk | then | tree rules | ||
| 2 | say speech: assert | gerund | the Future Buddha not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | pull in a quote | gerund | the Future Buddha not said here | this man | a mighty flood | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent man=Theme out flood=Initial_Location | |||
| 4 | bring in a quote | present · perfect | tree rules | ||||||
| 5 | suffer in a quote | gerund | upon the Future Buddha = buddha | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/4/65/