The grateful elephant, Opening, part 7, sentence 142
Having so said, he went to Benāres, gave alms and performed the other works of merit, and when his term of life was come to an end, fulfilled the Path to Heaven.
Who acts: king, merit · What happens: have, say, go, give, perform, come · To what, where: Benāres, alms, other works, term, Path, Heaven · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king, merit), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Having | have | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 6 went | advcl |
| 2 | so | so | ADV | _ | 3 said | advmod |
| 3 | said | say | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 1 Having | acl |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Having | punct |
| 5 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 went | nsubj |
| 6 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | to | to | ADP | _ | 8 Benāres | case |
| 8 | Benāres | Benāres | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 went | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 gave | punct |
| 10 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 went | conj |
| 11 | alms | alm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 gave | obj |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 performed | cc |
| 13 | performed | perform | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 gave | conj |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 works | det |
| 15 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 works | amod |
| 16 | works | work | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 performed | obj |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 merit | case |
| 18 | merit | merit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 works | nmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 come | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 come | cc |
| 21 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 27 come | advmod |
| 22 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 term | nmod:poss |
| 23 | term | term | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 come | nsubj |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 life | case |
| 25 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 term | nmod |
| 26 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 come | aux:pass |
| 27 | come | come | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 went | parataxis |
| 28 | to | to | ADP | _ | 30 end | case |
| 29 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 end | det |
| 30 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 come | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 fulfilled | punct |
| 32 | fulfilled | fulfil | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 went | conj |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 Path | det |
| 34 | Path | Path | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 fulfilled | obj |
| 35 | to | to | ADP | _ | 36 Heaven | case |
| 36 | Heaven | Heaven | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 fulfilled | obl |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 went | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | gerund | king not said here | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | participle | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | go | past | king | Benāres | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to benāres=Initial_Location | ||||
| 4 | give | past | king not said here | alms | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent alm=Theme | ||||
| 5 | perform | past | king not said here | the other works of merit | vn performance-26.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent work=Theme | ||||
| 6 | come | past · passive | king's term of life | to a end | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 7 | fulfil | past | king not said here | the Path | Heaven | tree rules | |||
| 8 | work | merit | nom work «act intransitive»: of=agent | ||||||
| 9 | term | king | life | nom term «communication transitive»: poss=agent of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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