The grateful elephant, Opening, part 7, sentence 20
Now a certain hunter, on his way through the forest, seeing the tracks of the Future Buddha at the place where the animals went to drink, set a trap, resembling an iron foot-chain, only made of leathern strips, and went his way.
Who acts: certain hunter, animals · What happens: see, go, drink, set, resemble, make · To what, where: tracks, place, trap, iron foot chain, way
This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (certain hunter, animals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 hunter | advmod |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 hunter | det |
| 3 | certain | certain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 hunter | amod |
| 4 | hunter | hunter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 went | nsubj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 way | punct |
| 6 | on | on | ADP | _ | 8 way | case |
| 7 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 way | nmod:poss |
| 8 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 hunter | appos |
| 9 | through | through | ADP | _ | 11 forest | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 forest | det |
| 11 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 way | nmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 seeing | punct |
| 13 | seeing | see | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 4 hunter | acl |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 tracks | det |
| 15 | tracks | track | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 seeing | obj |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 Buddha | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 Buddha | det |
| 18 | Future | Future | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 Buddha | compound |
| 19 | Buddha | Buddha | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 tracks | nmod |
| 20 | at | at | ADP | _ | 22 place | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 place | det |
| 22 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 seeing | obl |
| 23 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 26 went | advmod |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 animals | det |
| 25 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 went | nsubj |
| 26 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 place | acl:relcl |
| 27 | to | to | PART | _ | 28 drink | mark |
| 28 | drink | drink | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 26 went | xcomp |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 set | punct |
| 30 | set | set | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 drink | conj |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 32 trap | det |
| 32 | trap | trap | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 set | obj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 resembling | punct |
| 34 | resembling | resemble | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 30 set | advcl |
| 35 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 39 chain | det |
| 36 | iron | iron | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 chain | amod |
| 37 | foot | foot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 chain | compound |
| 38 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 37 foot | punct |
| 39 | chain | chain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 resembling | obj |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 made | punct |
| 41 | only | only | ADV | _ | 42 made | advmod |
| 42 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 39 chain | acl |
| 43 | of | of | ADP | _ | 45 strips | case |
| 44 | leathern | leathern | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 strips | amod |
| 45 | strips | strip | NOUN | Number=Plur | 42 made | obl |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 48 went | punct |
| 47 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 48 went | cc |
| 48 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 49 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 50 way | nmod:poss |
| 50 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 went | obj |
| 51 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 48 went | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | gerund | a certain hunter not said here | the tracks of the Future Buddha | the place | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer track=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | go | past | the animals | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | drink | to-infinitive | the animals not said here | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | set | infinitive | the animals not said here | a trap | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient trap=Result | ||||
| 5 | resemble | gerund | the animals not said here | a iron foot chain | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | make | participle | a iron foot chain not said here | of leathern strips | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | ||||
| 7 | go | past | a certain hunter | Hunter's way | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location way=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/7/20/