Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, Legends and Tales., part 10, sentence 23
Suddenly scores of little black figures issued forth from the darkness of the night, and began to work among the rocks; trees were cut down with a stroke, chisel and hammer rang on the granite, and the work went forward with a rapidity of enchantment.
Who acts: scores, chisel, work · What happens: issue, begin, work, cut down, ring, go · To what, where: little black figures, darkness, trees, stroke, granite
This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 10. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (scores, chisel, work), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Suddenly | suddenly | ADV | _ | 2 scores | advmod |
| 2 | scores | score | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 began | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 figures | case |
| 4 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 figures | amod |
| 5 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 figures | amod |
| 6 | figures | figure | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 scores | nmod |
| 7 | issued | issue | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 figures | acl |
| 8 | forth | forth | ADV | _ | 7 issued | advmod |
| 9 | from | from | ADP | _ | 11 darkness | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 darkness | det |
| 11 | darkness | darkness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 issued | obl |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 night | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 night | det |
| 14 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 darkness | nmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 began | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 began | cc |
| 17 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 18 | to | to | PART | _ | 19 work | mark |
| 19 | work | work | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 began | xcomp |
| 20 | among | among | ADP | _ | 22 rocks | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 rocks | det |
| 22 | rocks | rock | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 work | obl |
| 23 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 26 cut | punct |
| 24 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 cut | nsubj:pass |
| 25 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 cut | aux:pass |
| 26 | cut | cut | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 began | parataxis |
| 27 | down | down | ADP | _ | 26 cut | compound:prt |
| 28 | with | with | ADP | _ | 30 stroke | case |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 stroke | det |
| 30 | stroke | stroke | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 cut | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 chisel | punct |
| 32 | chisel | chisel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 rang | nsubj |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 hammer | cc |
| 34 | hammer | hammer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 chisel | conj |
| 35 | rang | ring | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 stroke | acl:relcl |
| 36 | on | on | ADP | _ | 38 granite | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 granite | det |
| 38 | granite | granite | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 rang | obl |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 went | punct |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 went | cc |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 work | det |
| 42 | work | work | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 went | nsubj |
| 43 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 cut | conj |
| 44 | forward | forward | ADV | _ | 43 went | advmod |
| 45 | with | with | ADP | _ | 47 rapidity | case |
| 46 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 47 rapidity | det |
| 47 | rapidity | rapidity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 went | obl |
| 48 | of | of | ADP | _ | 49 enchantment | case |
| 49 | enchantment | enchantment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 rapidity | nmod |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 17 began | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | issue | participle | little black figures not said here | the darkness of the night | forth property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 2 | begin | past | scores of little black figures | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 3 | work | to-infinitive | scores of little black figures not said here | among the rocks | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | cut down | past · passive | trees | with a stroke | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient with stroke=Instrument | ||||
| 5 | ring | past | chisel and hammer | a stroke not said here | the granite | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location stroke=Theme | |||
| 6 | go | past | the work | with a rapidity of enchantment; forward property | vn help-72.1-2 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent with rapidity=Beneficiary | ||||
| 7 | score | little black figures | nom score «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/11/23/