Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, Legends and Tales., part 10, sentence 82
Many lay upon the sacred heap what is held most dear, hunting spear or battle-axe.
Who acts: Many · What happens: lay, hold, hunt · To what, where: sacred heap, spear
This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 10. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 lay | nsubj |
| 2 | lay | lay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 6 heap | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 heap | det |
| 5 | sacred | sacred | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 heap | amod |
| 6 | heap | heap | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 lay | obl |
| 7 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 9 held | nsubj:pass |
| 8 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 held | aux:pass |
| 9 | held | hold | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 heap | acl:relcl |
| 10 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 11 dear | advmod |
| 11 | dear | dear | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 held | xcomp |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 hunting | punct |
| 13 | hunting | hunt | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 lay | advcl |
| 14 | spear | spear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 hunting | obj |
| 15 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 18 axe | cc |
| 16 | battle | battle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 axe | compound |
| 17 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 16 battle | punct |
| 18 | axe | axe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 spear | conj |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 lay | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lay | present | Many | the sacred heap | vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent upon heap=Destination | ||||
| 2 | hold | present · passive | the sacred heap | dear property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 3 | hunt | gerund | Many not said here | spear or battle axe | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spear=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/11/82/