Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, A Historical Tale., part 4, sentence 84
However that may be, he at last prepared to go further, when suddenly he observed a lovely maiden, who, clad in mourning garments and weeping, sat on a moss-grown stone at the entrance to the Jungfernloch, or Maiden's Cave.
Who acts: ruin · What happens: be, prepare, go, observe, clad, sit · To what, where: mourning garments, grown stone
This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, A Historical Tale., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ruin), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | However | however | ADV | _ | 8 last | advmod |
| 2 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 4 be | nsubj |
| 3 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 be | aux |
| 4 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 1 However | cop |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 However | punct |
| 6 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 last | nsubj |
| 7 | at | at | ADP | _ | 8 last | case |
| 8 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 9 | prepared | prepare | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 last | acl |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 go | mark |
| 11 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 prepared | xcomp |
| 12 | further | far | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 11 go | advmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 observed | punct |
| 14 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 17 observed | advmod |
| 15 | suddenly | suddenly | ADV | _ | 17 observed | advmod |
| 16 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 observed | nsubj |
| 17 | observed | observe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 go | advcl |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 maiden | det |
| 19 | lovely | lovely | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 maiden | amod |
| 20 | maiden | maiden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 observed | xcomp |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 clad | punct |
| 22 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 24 clad | nsubj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 clad | punct |
| 24 | clad | clad | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 maiden | conj |
| 25 | in | in | ADP | _ | 27 garments | case |
| 26 | mourning | mourning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 garments | compound |
| 27 | garments | garment | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 clad | obl |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 weeping | cc |
| 29 | weeping | weeping | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 garments | conj |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 sat | punct |
| 31 | sat | sit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 clad | conj |
| 32 | on | on | ADP | _ | 37 stone | case |
| 33 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 37 stone | det |
| 34 | moss | moss | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 grown | compound |
| 35 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 34 moss | punct |
| 36 | grown | grow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 37 stone | amod |
| 37 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 sat | obl |
| 38 | at | at | ADP | _ | 40 entrance | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 entrance | det |
| 40 | entrance | entrance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 sat | obl |
| 41 | to | to | ADP | _ | 43 Jungfernloch | case |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 Jungfernloch | det |
| 43 | Jungfernloch | Jungfernloch | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 sat | obl |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 48 Cave | punct |
| 45 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 48 Cave | cc |
| 46 | Maiden | Maiden | PROPN | Number=Sing | 48 Cave | nmod:poss |
| 47 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 46 Maiden | case |
| 48 | Cave | Cave | PROPN | Number=Sing | 43 Jungfernloch | appos |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 last | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | infinitive | however property | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | prepare | participle | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent clause=Attribute | ||||||
| 3 | go not said to happen | to-infinitive | far property | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | observe | past | ruin | maiden, suddenly property | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | clad | past | mourning garments and weeping | who nsubj | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | sit | past | a grown stone | at the entrance; to the Jungfernloch | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on stone=Location | ||||
| 7 | grow | participle | moss compound | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/21/84/