Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, A Historical Tale., part 6, sentence 49
Since that time nothing has been seen or heard of the dwarfs, and not only here but everywhere they are vanished; but their memory lives in the mouth of the people, and when the icy north wind blows, and the snow beats against the windows, young men and maidens gather around the fire in confidential chat, and to the rattling of the wheel tell of the deep clefts of the mountains, where in eternal night the dwarfs once held their weddings, and where gnomes and nymphs and fairies in darkness dwell.
Who acts: memory, icy north wind, snow, windows, dwarfs, wheel tell · What happens: see, hear, vanish, live, blow, beat · To what, where: dwarfs, mouth, fire, weddings
This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, A Historical Tale., part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (memory, icy north wind, snow, windows), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Since | since | ADP | _ | 4 nothing | case |
| 2 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 4 nothing | nsubj |
| 3 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 nothing | compound |
| 4 | nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 7 seen | obl |
| 5 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 seen | aux |
| 6 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 7 seen | aux:pass |
| 7 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 9 heard | cc |
| 9 | heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 seen | conj |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 dwarfs | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 dwarfs | det |
| 12 | dwarfs | dwarf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 heard | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 here | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 here | cc |
| 15 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 17 here | advmod |
| 16 | only | only | ADV | _ | 17 here | advmod |
| 17 | here | here | ADV | PronType=Dem | 7 seen | advmod |
| 18 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 22 vanished | cc |
| 19 | everywhere | everywhere | ADV | PronType=Tot | 22 vanished | advmod |
| 20 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 vanished | nsubj |
| 21 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 vanished | aux:pass |
| 22 | vanished | vanish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 here | conj |
| 23 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 27 lives | punct |
| 24 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 27 lives | cc |
| 25 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 memory | nmod:poss |
| 26 | memory | memory | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 lives | nsubj |
| 27 | lives | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 seen | parataxis |
| 28 | in | in | ADP | _ | 30 mouth | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 mouth | det |
| 30 | mouth | mouth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 lives | obl |
| 31 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 people | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 people | det |
| 33 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 mouth | nmod |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 blows | punct |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 blows | cc |
| 36 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 41 blows | mark |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 wind | det |
| 38 | icy | icy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 wind | amod |
| 39 | north | north | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 wind | amod |
| 40 | wind | wind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 blows | nsubj |
| 41 | blows | blow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 lives | conj |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 beats | punct |
| 43 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 46 beats | cc |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 snow | det |
| 45 | snow | snow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 beats | nsubj |
| 46 | beats | beat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 lives | parataxis |
| 47 | against | against | ADP | _ | 49 windows | case |
| 48 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 windows | det |
| 49 | windows | window | NOUN | Number=Plur | 55 gather | nsubj |
| 50 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 52 men | punct |
| 51 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 52 men | amod |
| 52 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 49 windows | conj |
| 53 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 54 maidens | cc |
| 54 | maidens | maiden | NOUN | Number=Plur | 49 windows | conj |
| 55 | gather | gather | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 46 beats | conj |
| 56 | around | around | ADP | _ | 58 fire | case |
| 57 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 58 fire | det |
| 58 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 55 gather | obl |
| 59 | in | in | ADP | _ | 61 chat | case |
| 60 | confidential | confidential | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 61 chat | amod |
| 61 | chat | chat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 55 gather | obl |
| 62 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 66 rattling | punct |
| 63 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 66 rattling | cc |
| 64 | to | to | ADP | _ | 66 rattling | case |
| 65 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 66 rattling | det |
| 66 | rattling | rattling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 lives | obl |
| 67 | of | of | ADP | _ | 70 tell | case |
| 68 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 70 tell | det |
| 69 | wheel | wheel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 70 tell | compound |
| 70 | tell | tell | NOUN | Number=Sing | 66 rattling | nmod |
| 71 | of | of | ADP | _ | 74 clefts | case |
| 72 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 74 clefts | det |
| 73 | deep | deep | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 74 clefts | amod |
| 74 | clefts | cleft | NOUN | Number=Plur | 70 tell | nmod |
| 75 | of | of | ADP | _ | 77 mountains | case |
| 76 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 77 mountains | det |
| 77 | mountains | mountain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 74 clefts | nmod |
| 78 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 79 where | punct |
| 79 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 77 mountains | nmod |
| 80 | in | in | ADP | _ | 82 night | case |
| 81 | eternal | eternal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 82 night | amod |
| 82 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 79 where | appos |
| 83 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 84 dwarfs | det |
| 84 | dwarfs | dwarf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 82 night | obj |
| 85 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 86 held | advmod |
| 86 | held | hold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 84 dwarfs | acl:relcl |
| 87 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 88 weddings | nmod:poss |
| 88 | weddings | wedding | NOUN | Number=Plur | 86 held | obj |
| 89 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 91 where | punct |
| 90 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 91 where | cc |
| 91 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 86 held | conj |
| 92 | gnomes | gnome | NOUN | Number=Plur | 91 where | nsubj |
| 93 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 94 nymphs | cc |
| 94 | nymphs | nymph | NOUN | Number=Plur | 92 gnomes | conj |
| 95 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 96 fairies | cc |
| 96 | fairies | fairy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 92 gnomes | conj |
| 97 | in | in | ADP | _ | 99 dwell | case |
| 98 | darkness | darkness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 99 dwell | compound |
| 99 | dwell | dwell | NOUN | Number=Sing | 92 gnomes | nmod |
| 100 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 seen | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | present · perfect · passive | here | since nothing that | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V» | ||||
| 2 | hear | participle | of the dwarfs | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer of dwarf=Stimulus | |||||
| 3 | vanish | present · passive | dwarfs = dwarf | everywhere property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | live | present | dwarfs's memory | the mouth of the people | to the rattling of the wheel tell of the deep clefts of the mountains | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in mouth=Location | |||
| 5 | blow | present | the icy north wind | vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 6 | beat | present | the snow | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 7 | gather | present | the windows and young men and maidens | the fire | in confidential chat | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 8 | hold | past | the dwarfs not said here | dwarfs's weddings | once property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wedding=Theme | |||
| 9 | rattle | the wheel tell of the deep clefts of the mountains | nom rattling «event intransitive»: of=agent | ||||||
| 10 | wed | dwarfs = dwarf | nom wedding «event transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/23/49/