Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, A Historical Tale., part 8, sentence 75
The forester's son must now seat himself on the shoulders of the dwarf on the topmost rung of the ladder; and see! the ladder is wide enough to permit them to descend between the thick line of lamp-bearing dwarfs on either hand.
Who acts: ladder · What happens: see, be, permit, descend · To what, where: ladders, seat
This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, A Historical Tale., part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ladder), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 forester | det |
| 2 | forester | forester | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 son | nmod:poss |
| 3 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 2 forester | case |
| 4 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 seat | nsubj |
| 5 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 7 seat | aux |
| 6 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 7 seat | advmod |
| 7 | seat | seat | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 8 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Emp Reflex=Yes | 7 seat | nmod:unmarked |
| 9 | on | on | ADP | _ | 11 shoulders | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 shoulders | det |
| 11 | shoulders | shoulder | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 seat | nmod |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 dwarf | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 dwarf | det |
| 14 | dwarf | dwarf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 shoulders | nmod |
| 15 | on | on | ADP | _ | 18 rung | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 rung | det |
| 17 | topmost | topmost | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 rung | amod |
| 18 | rung | rung | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 dwarf | nmod |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 ladder | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 ladder | det |
| 21 | ladder | ladder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 rung | nmod |
| 22 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 24 see | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 see | cc |
| 24 | see | see | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 7 seat | parataxis |
| 25 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 29 wide | punct |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 ladder | det |
| 27 | ladder | ladder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 wide | nsubj |
| 28 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 wide | cop |
| 29 | wide | wide | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 see | parataxis |
| 30 | enough | enough | ADV | _ | 29 wide | advmod |
| 31 | to | to | PART | _ | 32 permit | mark |
| 32 | permit | permit | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 29 wide | advcl |
| 33 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 permit | obj |
| 34 | to | to | PART | _ | 35 descend | mark |
| 35 | descend | descend | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 32 permit | xcomp |
| 36 | between | between | ADP | _ | 39 line | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 line | det |
| 38 | thick | thick | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 line | amod |
| 39 | line | line | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 descend | obl |
| 40 | of | of | ADP | _ | 44 dwarfs | case |
| 41 | lamp | lamp | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 bearing | compound |
| 42 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 41 lamp | punct |
| 43 | bearing | bearing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 dwarfs | compound |
| 44 | dwarfs | dwarf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 line | nmod |
| 45 | on | on | ADP | _ | 47 hand | case |
| 46 | either | either | DET | PronType=Ind | 47 hand | det |
| 47 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 dwarfs | nmod |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 seat | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | infinitive | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 2 | is | present | the ladder | enough, wide property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | permit | to-infinitive | the ladder not said here | ladders = ladder | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: agent=Causer they=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 4 | descend not said to happen | to-infinitive | the ladder not said here | between the thick line of bearing dwarfs on either hand | vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/25/75/