Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, Legends and Tales., part 3, sentence 70
It was the mouth of a cave, in the deeps of which pitch and sulphur flames with loud hissing enveloped each other, and in the midst of this fire-gulf he saw a human form, over which the flames swept without consuming it, and which sought, wailing and moaning, to escape, but fell ever back into the boiling heat, with wringing of hands and tearing of hair.
Who acts: smoke, deeps, Earl, flames, hair · What happens: be, envelop, see, sweep, consume, seek · To what, where: mouth, each, human form, midst, smoke, boiling heat
This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (smoke, deeps, Earl, flames), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 mouth | nsubj |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 mouth | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 mouth | det |
| 4 | mouth | mouth | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 cave | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 cave | det |
| 7 | cave | cave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 mouth | nmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 deeps | punct |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 deeps | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 deeps | det |
| 11 | deeps | deep | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 enveloped | nsubj |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 pitch | case |
| 13 | which | which | DET | PronType=Int | 14 pitch | det |
| 14 | pitch | pitch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 deeps | nmod |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 flames | cc |
| 16 | sulphur | sulphur | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 flames | compound |
| 17 | flames | flame | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 deeps | conj |
| 18 | with | with | ADP | _ | 20 hissing | case |
| 19 | loud | loud | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 hissing | amod |
| 20 | hissing | hissing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 enveloped | obl |
| 21 | enveloped | envelop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 mouth | acl:relcl |
| 22 | each | each | DET | ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp | 21 enveloped | obj |
| 23 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 each | fixed |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 saw | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 saw | cc |
| 26 | in | in | ADP | _ | 28 midst | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 midst | det |
| 28 | midst | midst | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 saw | obl |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 gulf | case |
| 30 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 33 gulf | det |
| 31 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 gulf | compound |
| 32 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 31 fire | punct |
| 33 | gulf | gulf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 midst | nmod |
| 34 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 saw | nsubj |
| 35 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 enveloped | conj |
| 36 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 form | det |
| 37 | human | human | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 form | amod |
| 38 | form | form | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 saw | obj |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 swept | punct |
| 40 | over | over | ADP | _ | 41 which | case |
| 41 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 44 swept | obl |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 flames | det |
| 43 | flames | flame | NOUN | Number=Plur | 44 swept | nsubj |
| 44 | swept | sweep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 35 saw | parataxis |
| 45 | without | without | SCONJ | _ | 46 consuming | mark |
| 46 | consuming | consume | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 44 swept | advcl |
| 47 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 46 consuming | obj |
| 48 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 51 sought | punct |
| 49 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 51 sought | cc |
| 50 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 51 sought | nsubj |
| 51 | sought | seek | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 44 swept | conj |
| 52 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 53 wailing | punct |
| 53 | wailing | wail | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 51 sought | advcl |
| 54 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 55 moaning | cc |
| 55 | moaning | moan | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 53 wailing | conj |
| 56 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 58 escape | punct |
| 57 | to | to | PART | _ | 58 escape | mark |
| 58 | escape | escape | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 53 wailing | conj |
| 59 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 61 fell | punct |
| 60 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 61 fell | cc |
| 61 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 44 swept | conj |
| 62 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 63 back | advmod |
| 63 | back | back | ADV | _ | 61 fell | advmod |
| 64 | into | into | ADP | _ | 67 heat | case |
| 65 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 67 heat | det |
| 66 | boiling | boiling | ADJ | _ | 67 heat | amod |
| 67 | heat | heat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 61 fell | obl |
| 68 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 70 wringing | punct |
| 69 | with | with | ADP | _ | 70 wringing | case |
| 70 | wringing | wringing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 61 fell | obl |
| 71 | of | of | ADP | _ | 72 hands | case |
| 72 | hands | hand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 70 wringing | nmod |
| 73 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 74 tearing | cc |
| 74 | tearing | tearing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 70 wringing | conj |
| 75 | of | of | ADP | _ | 76 hair | case |
| 76 | hair | hair | NOUN | Number=Sing | 74 tearing | nmod |
| 77 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 mouth | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | smoke | the mouth | of a cave | tree rules | |||
| 2 | envelop | past | the deeps of which pitch and sulphur flames | each | with loud hissing | vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme each=Co-Theme | |||
| 3 | see | past | Earl | a human form | the midst of this fire gulf | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer form=Stimulus | |||
| 4 | sweep | past | the flames | which obl | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over which=Trajectory | ||||
| 5 | consume | gerund | the flames not said here | smoke | vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Asset | ||||
| 6 | seek | past | which nsubj | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | wail | gerund | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 8 | moan | gerund | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 9 | escape | to-infinitive | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 10 | fall | past | the flames not said here | ever | into the boiling heat result; with wringing of hands and tearing of hair | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into heat=Result | |||
| 11 | tear | hair | nom tearing «process intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/4/70/