Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, Legends and Tales., part 4, sentence 20
She spoke of some of the strongest proofs of the Divine origin of the Bible, and asked the Baron if he could explain why it was that Christian nations were the most elevated, those without the light of revelation being the degraded ones.
Who acts: Woe, truth, Baron · What happens: speak, ask, explain, elevate, be, degrade · To what, where: Baron, those, degraded ones, Divine origin, revelation · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Woe, truth, Baron), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | She | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 spoke | nsubj |
| 2 | spoke | speak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 some | case |
| 4 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 2 spoke | obl |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 proofs | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 proofs | det |
| 7 | strongest | strong | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 8 proofs | amod |
| 8 | proofs | proof | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 some | nmod |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 origin | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 origin | det |
| 11 | Divine | divine | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 origin | amod |
| 12 | origin | origin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 proofs | nmod |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 Bible | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 Bible | det |
| 15 | Bible | Bible | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 origin | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 asked | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 asked | cc |
| 18 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 spoke | conj |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 Baron | det |
| 20 | Baron | Baron | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 asked | iobj |
| 21 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 24 explain | mark |
| 22 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 explain | nsubj |
| 23 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 24 explain | aux |
| 24 | explain | explain | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 45 ones | advcl |
| 25 | why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 36 those | advmod |
| 26 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 those | nsubj |
| 27 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 those | cop |
| 28 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 36 those | mark |
| 29 | Christian | Christian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 nations | amod |
| 30 | nations | nation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 those | nsubj |
| 31 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 those | cop |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 those | reparandum |
| 33 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 34 elevated | advmod |
| 34 | elevated | elevate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 36 those | amod |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 elevated | punct |
| 36 | those | that | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 24 explain | obl |
| 37 | without | without | ADP | _ | 39 light | case |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 light | det |
| 39 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 explain | obl |
| 40 | of | of | ADP | _ | 41 revelation | case |
| 41 | revelation | revelation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 light | nmod |
| 42 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 45 ones | cop |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 ones | det |
| 44 | degraded | degrade | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 45 ones | amod |
| 45 | ones | one | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 asked | ccomp |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 spoke | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | speak speech: other | past | Woe | of some of the strongest proofs of the Divine origin of the Bible | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | ask speech: ask | past | Woe not said here | the Baron | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent baron=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | explain speech: assert a condition, not said to happen | could | truth | without the light of revelation | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | elevate | participle | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | is a | past | Baron | those | Christian nations nsubj | tree rules | |||
| 6 | degrade | participle | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 7 | is a | gerund | the degraded ones | tree rules | |||||
| 8 | proof | the Divine origin of the Bible | nom proof «cognition transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 9 | light | revelation | nom light «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/5/20/